IMPROVING EFFECTIVE DESIGN AND TARGETING OF SUBSTANCE AUBSE PREVENT MESSAGES

预防或减少青少年使用或滥用药物的干预措施很少，而且一般很少。 效果不佳。这是不幸的，因为年轻人是最频繁使用各种 毒品，包括大麻、酒精和各种非法物质。大多数药物滥用是预防性的 干预在很大程度上忽视了基于生物学的倾向，这些倾向导致个人既参与到 危险行为，包括使用药物以及参加某些类型的干预并对其做出反应 留言。这个项目建立在我们以前的工作基础上，使用Sensation寻求目标和定制消息 旨在减少物质使用和危险的性行为，具体地说，建立在来自 中心，我们将寻求感觉分解为寻求奖励和抑制的两个组成部分。 利用消息定向和定制方面的最新进展，我们超越了以前的工作 消息感觉值包括考虑消息构建和恐惧对消息的影响 有效性。本提案提供并测试了消息有效性的一般模型 考虑个体差异(即奖赏寻求和抑制)与信息之间的相互作用 特征(即，消息感觉价值、构思和恐惧)。该模型在三项研究中进行了测试，使用 公共服务公告(PSA)，这是我们团队拥有丰富经验的干预模式。 具体目标有四个：1)考察高感知值与低感知值的说服效果 Vs.LSV)关于年轻人的药物滥用预防信息在奖赏寻求和抑制方面存在差异； 2)考察基于情绪的药物滥用信息的两个维度的说服效果： 对Young的消息成帧(得失成帧[GF与LF])和恐惧(高威胁与低威胁[HT与LT]) 成年人的奖赏寻求和抑制水平各不相同；3)评估在多大程度上 HSV与LSV、GF与LF、LT与HT物质滥用预防的不同说服效果 将信息概括为另一种高风险行为，即危险的性行为；以及4)开发并试行有效性 预防药物滥用的公共服务公告(PSA) 在寻求奖励方面，抑制力低，或两者兼而有之。我们建议通过三项研究来实现这些目标。 第一项研究考察了信息感知价值、表达方式和恐惧对信息有效性的影响 旨在减少大麻使用作为寻求奖励和抑制的函数的公益广告；第二项测试 我们使用PSA的模型的边界旨在减少危险的性行为；第三个开始过程 根据先前的结果设计最有效的公益广告。实验结果和 本项目中提出的定性研究可立即应用于已建立的工作机构， 我们和其他国家都在制定旨在减少大麻使用的公益广告。

Interventions to prevent or reduce substance use or abuse among young adults are few and generally not effective. This is unfortunate, as young adults are among the most frequent users of a varietyof substances, including marijuana, alcohol, and various illicit substances. Most substance abuse preventive interventions have largely ignored biologically-basedpredispositions that lead individuals both to engage in risky behaviors including substance use and to attend and respond to certain kinds of intervention messages. This project builds on our previous work using sensation seeking to target and tailor messages aimed at reducing substance use and risky sexual behavior, Specifically, building on emerging research from the Center, wedecompose sensation seeking into its component parts of reward-seeking and inhibition. Drawing on recent advances in message targeting and tailoring, we move beyond our previous work on message sensation value to include consideration of the influence of message framing and fear on message effectiveness. The present proposal offers and tests a general model of message effectivenessthat considers the interaction between individual differences (i.e., reward seeking and inhibition) and message characteristics (i.e., message sensation value, framing, and fear). The model is tested in three studies using public service announcements (PSA), an intervention mode with which our team has extensive experience. There are four specific aims: 1) To examine the persuasive effects of high vs. low sensation value (HSV vs. LSV) substance abuse prevention messages on young adults varying in reward seeking and inhibition; 2) To examine the persuasive effects of two emotion-based dimensions of substance abuse messages: message framing (gain vs. loss-framed [GF vs. LF]) and fear (high vs. low threat [HT vs. LT]) on young adults varying in their levels of reward seeking and inhibition.; 3) To assess the extent to which the differential persuasive effects of HSV vs. LSV, GF vs. LF, and LT vs. HT substance abuse prevention messages generalize to another high-risk behavior, risky sex; and 4) Develop and pilot-test the effectiveness of substance abuse prevention public service announcements (PSAs) with young adults who are either high in reward seeking, low in inhibition, or both. We propose to accomplish these aims through three studies. The first examines the impact of message sensation value, framing, and fear on message effectiveness for PSAs aimed at reducing marijuana use as a function of reward seeking and inhibition; the second tests the boundaries of our model using PSAs aimed at reducing risky sexual behavior; the third begins the process of designing optimally effective PSAs based on previous results. Outcomes from the experiments and qualitative studies proposed in this project may be immediately applied to an established body of work, both ours and others, in the development of PSAs that are targeted at the reduction of marijuana use.