Dynamic Mechanisms of Vitamin D-Induced Gene Expression

描述(申请人提供)：骨是一种动态组织，由于成骨细胞和破骨细胞的生物学活动，它在一生中被重塑。这些细胞的产生和存活及其代谢活动都受到局部和系统因素的高度调控，这些因素包括生长调节剂、细胞因子和类固醇和多肽激素。1，25-二羟基维生素D3(1，25(OH)2D3)和甲状旁腺激素在许多过程中起着不可或缺的作用。事实上，已知1，25(OH)2D3影响成熟成骨细胞的细胞活性，并调节早期前体细胞的增殖和分化。尽管维生素D对骨骼的作用有一般的描述，但1，25(OH)2D3在基因组水平上协调这些活动的机制仍然不清楚。已经出现了惊人的技术进步，现在可以进行这样的评估。因此，我们提出了三个具体目标。具体目的1：鉴定成骨细胞前体细胞中1，25(OH)2D3非依赖和依赖的维生素D受体(VDR)胞质及其特性，并评估这些胞质在分化过程中的变化。全基因组染色质免疫沉淀(CHIP)-DNA微阵列(CHIP)(CHIP-CHIP)和基因表达技术以及一系列生物信息学工具将被用于鉴定和对比成骨前体细胞和完全分化的成骨细胞中的VDR序列。将评估这些环状病毒的全基因组特性和性质。具体目的2：探讨VDR对成骨前体细胞和分化成骨细胞中特定基因靶点调控的分子机制。DNA片段和BAC克隆分析，以及使用定制平铺阵列的芯片分析，将用于评估VDR在未分化和已分化成骨细胞中典型靶基因类别中的作用和作用机制。具体目的3：在全基因组水平上建立1，25(OH)2D3及其受体对成骨细胞基因表达调控的原理。芯片方法将被用来在全基因组范围内扩展在成骨细胞前体和完全分化的成骨细胞中识别的VDR介导的基因调控的一般特征。1，25(OH)2D3在转录因子共募集、表观遗传修饰和RNA聚合酶II调节中的作用将被评估。这项研究可能为在基因组水平上调节成骨细胞的多效性活性1，25(OH)2D3的基因靶点和潜在机制提供新的见解。这些研究还将提供与新维生素D类似物的设计、开发和潜在治疗应用相关的新信息。与公众健康相关：维生素D在维持矿物质平衡和控制细胞生长和功能方面都发挥着重要作用。这里的研究试图加强我们对维生素D在骨骼细胞中作用机制的理解，从而创造出更好、更具选择性的药物。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Bone is a dynamic tissue which is remodeled throughout life as a result of the biological activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The production and survival of these cells as well as their metabolic activities are all highly regulated by local and systemic factors that include growth modulators, cytokines and steroid and peptide hormones. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) together with parathyroid hormone play an integral role in many of these processes. Indeed, 1,25(OH)2D3 is known to influence the cellular activity of mature osteoblasts and to modulate the proliferation and differentiation of early precursors. Despite a general description of vitamin D action on bone, the mechanisms that permit orchestration of these activities by 1,25(OH)2D3 at the genome-wide level remain unclear. Striking technological advances have emerged which now permit such evaluations. As a consequence, we propose three specific aims. Specific Aim 1: To identify the 1,25(OH)2D3-independent and -dependent vitamin D receptor (VDR) cistromes and their properties in osteoblast precursors and to assess the changes that occur to these cistromes during differentiation. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-DNA microarray (chip) (ChIP-chip) and gene expression techniques together with a series of bioinformatic tools will be used to identify and contrast the VDR cistromes in osteoblast precursors and in fully differentiated osteoblasts. The genome-wide properties and nature of these cistromes will be assessed. Specific Aim 2: To explore the molecular mechanisms associated with the regulation by VDR of selected gene targets in both osteoblast precursors and differentiated osteoblasts. DNA fragment and BAC clone analyses, together with ChIP-chip analysis using customized tiled arrays will be used to assess the role and mechanisms of action of VDR at representative classes of target genes in undifferentiated and differentiated osteoblasts. Specific Aim 3: To establish principles for the regulation of gene expression by 1,25(OH)2D3 and its receptor in osteoblasts at the genome-wide level. ChIP-chip approaches will be used to extend, genome-wide, the general features of VDR-mediated gene regulation identified in Aims 1 and 2 in osteoblast precursors and fully differentiated osteoblasts. The role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the regulation of transcription factor co-recruitment, epigenetic modification and RNA polymerase II modulation will be assessed. The research proposed herein is likely to provide novel insight into the gene targets and underlying mechanisms that mediate the pleiotropic activities 1,25(OH)2D3 at the genome level in osteoblasts. The studies will also provide new information relevant to the design, development and potential therapeutic application of new vitamin D analogs. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Vitamin D plays significant roles both in the maintenance of mineral homeostasis and in the control of cellular growth and function. The studies herein seek to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie vitamin D action in bone cells such that better and more selective medicines can be created.