PROJECT 2 - TRANSLATIONAL STUDIES ON EARLY-LIFE STRESS

呼吸酒精估计（BrACE）培训，强调生物反馈和效果教育 酒精，是一种干预，可能是有价值的背景下，预防计划。的初步数据 我们的实验室已经确定了酒后驾驶方法的持久培训后变化。的 该项目的总体目标是扩大对BACE培训的可行性和益处的量化， 早期生活压力（ELS）ELS被定义为18岁之前遭受虐待或忽视的经历， 酒精中毒的危险因素，并与成年后的记忆缺陷有关。ELS患者 特别容易焦虑，这是酒精使用障碍的另一个风险因素。因此， 最重要的是要采取干预措施，尽量减少这些人过度饮酒的可能性 重要性该项目将招募三组非依赖性饮酒者：没有ELS的个体， ELS个体和ELS+高特质焦虑个体。本项目将区分基线 BrACE准确性（目标1）、BrACE培训的有效性（目标2）、BrACE培训对饮酒的影响 和相关行为（目标3），以及对酒精对记忆、平衡和 模拟驾驶（目标4）。这三组中的成年人将被随机分配到 将参加预训练、训练和测试课程的干预组和对照组。在这些 在两个疗程中，受试者将在两小时内接受相当于四杯标准饮料的量。一 认知/行为成套测试将在饮酒前后完成，受试者将 估计多个时间点的呼气酒精浓度。在培训过程中， 组，而不是对照组，将接受BrACE训练。在测试后的一个月和三个月， 所有受试者将返回实验室并完成关于酒精摄入量的自我报告问卷， 与酒精有关的冒险行为，包括在酒精影响下驾驶。我们假设 BrACE错误和酒精相关的记忆障碍在ELS+焦虑组中最高，其次是 ELS组，然后是无ELS组。我们还假设，BrACE培训将是有效的， 三组 相关性（见说明）：本研究与公共卫生的相关性： 该项目将确定在两个有重大风险的人群中进行教育干预的可行性， 酒精滥用和依赖：伴有和不伴有特质焦虑的ELS个体。项目 还将衡量这种训练在改变酒精使用和醉酒驾驶方面的有效性。 这些人口。成功地完成这个建议的具体目标将澄清呼吸的效用 酒精估计培训作为一个可行的干预酗酒者。

Breath alcohol estimation (BrACE) training, which emphasizes biofeedback and education about the effects of alcohol, is an intervention that may be valuable in the context of prevention programs. Preliminary data in our laboratory have identified enduring post-training changes in approaches to drinking and driving. The overarching goal of this Project is to extend quantification of the feasibility and benefits of BrACE training to adults who report early life stress (ELS). ELS, defined as experience of abuse or neglect through age 18, is a risk factor for alcoholism and has been associated with memory deficits in adulthood. Individuals with ELS are particularly prone to anxiety, an additional risk factor for alcohol use disorders. Thus, identification of an intervention that can minimize the potential for excess alcohol use among these individuals is of paramount importance. This Project will recruit three groups of nondependent alcohol drinkers: individuals with no ELS, individuals with ELS, and individuals with ELS plus high trait anxiety. The Project will differentiate baseline BrACE accuracy (Aim 1), efficacy of BrACE training (Aim 2), the influence of BrACE training on alcohol use and related behaviors (Aim 3), and sensitivity to the impairing effects of alcohol on memory, balance, and simulated driving (Aim 4) among these groups. Adults in these three groups will be randomized to Intervention and Control groups that will attend pretraining, training, and testing sessions. During these sessions, subjects will receive the equivalent of four standard drinks in a two-hour period. A cognitive/behavioral test battery will be completed before and after alcohol drinking, and subjects will estimate breath alcohol concentration at multiple time points. During the training session, the Intervention group, but not the Control group, will receive BrACE training. One and three months after the testing session, all subjects will return to the laboratory and complete self-report questionnaires regarding alcohol intake and alcohol-related risk-taking behaviors, including driving under the influence of alcohol. We hypothesize that BrACE errors and alcohol-related memory impairments will be highest in the ELS+Anxiety group, followed by the ELS group, then the no ELS group. We also hypothesize that BrACE training will be efficacious in all three groups. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Relevance of this Research to Public Health: The Project will identify feasibility of an educational intervention in two populations at significant risk for alcohol abuse and dependence: individuals with ELS with and without concurrent trait anxiety. The Project will also measure the effectiveness of this training in altering alcohol use and driving while intoxicated in these populations. Successful completion of this proposal's Specific Aims will clarify the utility of breath alcohol estimation training as a viable intervention for binge drinkers.