Speech Motor Planning in Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia

言语失用症和失语症的言语运动规划

• 批准号: 8980442
• 负责人: Marja-Liisa Mailend
• 金额: $ 4.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-06-18 至 2017-06-17
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8980442
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Agreement; American; Aphasia; Behavior; Behavioral; Buffers; Characteristics; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Communication impairment; Development; Diagnostic; Differential Diagnosis; Disease; Dysarthria; Etiology; Felis catus; Foundations; Goals; Impairment; Individual; Joints; Language; Life; Linguistics; Literature; Methods; Motor; Movement; Nature; Nervous System Trauma; Neurologic; Pattern; Persons; Phonetics; Population; Prevalence; Problem behavior; Process; Production; Protocols documentation; Psycholinguistics; Reaction Time; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Retrieval; Role; Solid; Specificity; Speech; Speech Disorders; Staging; Stroke; Testing; Time; To specify; Translational Research; Treatment Protocols; Work; base; clinical decision-making; effective therapy; improved; innovation; motor control; motor impairment; nervous system disorder; neuromuscular; neuropsychological; novel; novel strategies; operation; pill; programs; public health relevance; remediation; research study; theories; therapy development; tool

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder that poses significant obstacles to a person's ability to communicate and take part in everyday life. Current theories of AOS agree that the impairment affects the speech motor planning stage, where linguistic representations are transformed into speech movements, but they disagree on the specific nature of the breakdown at this processing level (Ziegler, 2002). A more detailed understanding of this impairment is essential for developing targeted, effective treatment approaches and for identifying the appropriate candidates for these treatments. The study of AOS is complicated by the fact that this disorder rarely occurs in isolation but is commonly accompanied by various degrees of aphasia (a language impairment) and/or dysarthria (a neuromuscular impairment of speech motor control). In addition, the behavioral similarities of AOS and its closest clinical neighbor, aphasia with phonemic paraphasias, undermine the usefulness of traditional methods, such as perceptual error analysis, in the study of both disorders. The purpose of the present proposal is to test two competing hypotheses about the specific nature of the speech motor planning impairment in AOS. The project is formulated in the context of a well-established theoretical framework of speech production and it combines psycholinguistic reaction time paradigms with a cognitive neuropsychological approach. This innovative approach to the study of AOS is promising for the following reasons. First, psycholinguistic reaction time methods have had an important role in improving our understanding of speech motor planning in unimpaired speakers, but they have rarely been applied to the study of people with neurologic impairments. Second, this combined approach circumvents the problem of behavioral similarity of error patterns in different disorders by focusing on the onset latencies of the same behavior under different speech motor planning conditions. A few initial studies have suggested different reaction time patterns between people with AOS and people with aphasia without AOS, supporting the potential utility of this systematic line of research in regard to differential diagnosis. The successful completion of this research project will yield novel information about the specific motor planning impairment in AOS. To date, different specific hypotheses about the impairment in AOS have been proposed but they have not been directly tested against each other with the same methods in a systematic succession of experiments. In addition, the proposed research project will test the specificity of the speech motor planning impairment in speakers with AOS by comparing the findings from speakers with AOS to those from speakers with aphasia. These findings will form a critical, theoretically-motivated basis for improving diagnostic tools and treatment protocols for people with AOS and aphasia, thus enhancing clinical decision- making. Such translational and clinical research aimed at developing sensitive and specific diagnostic tools and improving treatment protocols is the ultimate long-term objective of this candidate's research program.

 描述（由申请人提供）：言语失用症（AOS）是一种运动性言语障碍，对一个人的沟通和参与日常生活的能力构成重大障碍。目前的AOS理论认为，损伤会影响言语运动计划阶段，在此阶段，语言表征转化为言语运动，但他们不同意在这个处理水平上的故障的具体性质（齐格勒，2002）。更详细地了解这种损伤对于开发有针对性的有效治疗方法和确定这些治疗的适当候选人至关重要。AOS的研究是复杂的，因为这种疾病很少单独发生，但通常伴有不同程度的失语症（语言障碍）和/或构音障碍（言语运动控制的神经肌肉障碍）。此外，行为相似的AOS和它最接近的临床邻居，失语症与音位性失语症，破坏了有用的传统方法，如知觉错误分析，在这两种疾病的研究。本建议的目的是测试两个相互竞争的假设的具体性质的言语运动规划障碍AOS。该项目是制定在一个完善的言语产生的理论框架的背景下，它结合了心理语言学的反应时范式与认知神经心理学的方法。由于以下原因，这种研究AOS的创新方法是有希望的。首先，心理语言学的反应时间方法在提高我们对未受损说话者的言语运动规划的理解方面发挥了重要作用，但它们很少被应用于神经障碍患者的研究。第二，这种结合的方法规避了问题的错误模式在不同的疾病的行为相似性集中在不同的言语运动规划条件下的相同行为的发作延迟。一些初步研究表明，AOS患者和无AOS的失语症患者之间的反应时间模式不同，这支持了这种系统性研究在鉴别诊断方面的潜在效用。这项研究项目的成功完成将产生新的信息，具体的运动计划障碍的AOS。到目前为止，不同的具体假设AOS的损害已被提出，但他们还没有直接测试对彼此相同的方法在一个系统的实验继承。此外，拟议的研究项目将通过比较AOS和失语症患者的研究结果，测试AOS患者言语运动规划障碍的特异性。这些发现将为改善AOS和失语症患者的诊断工具和治疗方案提供重要的理论依据，从而提高临床决策水平。这种旨在开发敏感和特异性诊断工具并改善治疗方案的转化和临床研究是该候选人研究计划的最终长期目标。