Speech Motor Planning in Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia

言语失用症和失语症的言语运动规划

基本信息

批准号：
9100419
负责人：
Marja-Liisa Mailend
金额：
$ 4.36万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-06-18 至 2017-06-17
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9100419
关键词：
Address Affect Agreement American Aphasia Apraxias Behavior Behavioral Buffers Characteristics Clinical Clinical Research Cognitive Communication impairment Development Diagnostic Differential Diagnosis Disease Dysarthria Etiology Felis catus Foundations Goals Health Impairment Individual Joints Language Life Linguistics Literature Methods Motor Movement Nature Nervous System Trauma Neurologic Pattern Persons Phonetics Population Prevalence Problem behavior Process Production Protocols documentation Psycholinguistics Reaction Time Research Research Personnel Research Project Grants Retrieval Role Solid Specificity Speech Speech Disorders Staging Stroke Testing Time To specify Translational Research Treatment Protocols Work base clinical decision-making effective therapy improved innovation language impairment motor control motor impairment nervous system disorder neuromuscular neuropsychological novel novel strategies operation pill programs remediation research study theories therapy development tool

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder that poses significant obstacles to a person's ability to communicate and take part in everyday life. Current theories of AOS agree that the impairment affects the speech motor planning stage, where linguistic representations are transformed into speech movements, but they disagree on the specific nature of the breakdown at this processing level (Ziegler, 2002). A more detailed understanding of this impairment is essential for developing targeted, effective treatment approaches and for identifying the appropriate candidates for these treatments. The study of AOS is complicated by the fact that this disorder rarely occurs in isolation but is commonly accompanied by various degrees of aphasia (a language impairment) and/or dysarthria (a neuromuscular impairment of speech motor control). In addition, the behavioral similarities of AOS and its closest clinical neighbor, aphasia with phonemic paraphasias, undermine the usefulness of traditional methods, such as perceptual error analysis, in the study of both disorders. The purpose of the present proposal is to test two competing hypotheses about the specific nature of the speech motor planning impairment in AOS. The project is formulated in the context of a well-established theoretical framework of speech production and it combines psycholinguistic reaction time paradigms with a cognitive neuropsychological approach. This innovative approach to the study of AOS is promising for the following reasons. First, psycholinguistic reaction time methods have had an important role in improving our understanding of speech motor planning in unimpaired speakers, but they have rarely been applied to the study of people with neurologic impairments. Second, this combined approach circumvents the problem of behavioral similarity of error patterns in different disorders by focusing on the onset latencies of the same behavior under different speech motor planning conditions. A few initial studies have suggested different reaction time patterns between people with AOS and people with aphasia without AOS, supporting the potential utility of this systematic line of research in regard to differential diagnosis. The successful completion of this research project will yield novel information about the specific motor planning impairment in AOS. To date, different specific hypotheses about the impairment in AOS have been proposed but they have not been directly tested against each other with the same methods in a systematic succession of experiments. In addition, the proposed research project will test the specificity of the speech motor planning impairment in speakers with AOS by comparing the findings from speakers with AOS to those from speakers with aphasia. These findings will form a critical, theoretically-motivated basis for improving diagnostic tools and treatment protocols for people with AOS and aphasia, thus enhancing clinical decision- making. Such translational and clinical research aimed at developing sensitive and specific diagnostic tools and improving treatment protocols is the ultimate long-term objective of this candidate's research program.

描述（由适用提供）：语音（AOS）是一种运动言语障碍，它为一个人在日常生活中进行交流和参加的能力带来了重大障碍。 AO当前的理论同意，这种障碍会影响语音运动阶段，在该阶段，语言表征转变为语音运动，但它们在此处理级别上分解的特定性质不同意（Ziegler，2002）。对这种障碍的更详细的理解对于开发目标，有效的治疗方法以及确定适当的治疗方法至关重要。这种疾病很少出现在孤立的情况下，但通常伴随着各种程度的失语症（一种语言障碍）和/或构造障碍（语音运动控制的神经肌肉损害），因此对AOS的研究变得复杂。此外，在传统方法的有用性（例如感知误差分析）的研究中，AOS及其最接近的临床邻居的行为相似性在两种疾病的研究中。本提案的目的是检验有关AOS语音运动计划障碍的特定性质的两个相互竞争的假设。该项目是在言语生产的良好理论框架的背景下制定的，并将心理语言反应时间范式与认知神经心理学方法结合在一起。由于以下原因，承诺对AOS研究进行这种创新的方法。首先，心理语言反应时间方法在改善我们对未经障碍的演讲者中语音运动计划的理解方面发挥了重要作用，但很少将其应用于神经系统障碍的人的研究。其次，这种合并的方法通过关注不同语音运动计划条件下相同行为的发作潜伏期来规避不同疾病中误差模式的行为相似性问题。一些初步研究表明，有AOS的患者与无AOS失语症患者之间的反应时间模式不同，支持了有关鉴别诊断的这一系统研究线的潜在效用。该研究项目的成功完成将产生有关AOS特定运动计划障碍的新颖信息。迄今为止，已经提出了关于AOS中损伤的不同特定假设，但在实验的系统成功中，尚未使用相同方法对其进行相互测试。此外，拟议的研究项目将通过将演讲者与AOS与AOS与失语症的人进行比较，测试演讲者与AOS的语音运动计划障碍的特异性。这些发现将形成一个关键的，理论上动机的基础，用于改善AOS和失语症患者的诊断工具和治疗方案，从而增强临床决策。这种翻译和临床研究旨在开发敏感和特定的诊断工具并改善治疗方案是该候选人研究计划的最终长期目标。