A FAP-Activated Proteasome Inhibitor for Killing Solid Tumors

FAP 激活的蛋白酶体抑制剂可杀死实体瘤

• 批准号: 8930076
• 负责人: WILLIAM W BACHOVCHIN
• 金额: $ 53.21万
• 依托单位: ARISAPH PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-23 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8930076
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Aftercare; Albumins; Anemia; Antineoplastic Agents; Back; Biological Assay; Biopsy; Biopsy Specimen; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bortezomib; Breast; Cachexia; Cancer Patient; Cause of Death; Cell Line; Cells; Chemicals; Chemistry; Cleaved cell; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Colorectal; Cytotoxic agent; Development; Diphtheria Toxin; Dose; Doxorubicin; Drug Kinetics; Drug Targeting; Drug resistance; Embryo; Enzymes; Epithelial; Equilibrium; Excision; Exhibits; Exposure to; Fibroblasts; Fox Chase Cancer Center; Genetic; Genotype; Goals; Half-Life; Health; Heart Diseases; Human; Immune system; Immunocompetent; Immunodeficient Mouse; Immunologic Surveillance; Immunosuppression; Immunosuppressive Agents; Incidence; Kidney; Lead; Learning; Life; Link; Lung; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Malignant neoplasm of pancreas; Marketing; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Mesenchymal; Modeling; Modification; Mus; Mutate; Mutation; New Agents; Non-Malignant; Normal tissue morphology; Oncogene Proteins; Oncogenes; Patient Selection; Patients; Peptides; Phase; Problem Solving; Prodrugs; Prostate; Proteasome Inhibitor; Proteins; Relapse; Reporting; Resistance; Risk; Safety; Sampling; Serine Protease; Small Business Technology Transfer Research; Solid Neoplasm; Substrate Specificity; T-Lymphocyte; Testing; Therapeutic Index; Tissues; Toxic effect; Transgenic Mice; Tumor Immunity; Tumor Tissue; Velcade; Vitamin B Complex; Work; Xenograft Model; Xenograft procedure; adaptive immunity; antitumor effect; base; cancer cell; cancer therapy; chemotherapeutic agent; chemotherapy; clinical risk; commercialization; connective tissue stroma; cytotoxic; design; diphtheria toxin receptor; drug candidate; fibroblast-activating factor; genetic resistance; improved; in vivo; killings; melanoma; neoplastic cell; overexpression; preclinical efficacy; preclinical safety; programs; prolyl oligopeptidase; recombinase; targeted treatment; tumor; tumor growth; tumor xenograft

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cancer is the second leading cause of death after heart disease in the US. Chemotherapy is a mainstay of treatment after surgical removal of tumors; but the balance of clinical benefit versus disabling or life- threatening side effects is often uncertain. Genotyping of cancers to identify mutated oncogenes has enabled an era of targeted therapy. Drugs targeting the mutated proteins that drive tumor growth promised to revolutionize cancer treatment; but the genetic plasticity inherent in cancer limits the numbers of patients who can respond to treatment, and those that do, often relapse due to development of drug resistance. This proposal describes prodrugs intended to kill tumors with reduced damage to healthy tissues. The prodrugs are designed to remain harmless until they are cleaved by the enzyme fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Short peptides are linked to cytotoxic molecules (tumor-killing warheads) to create prodrugs that only release their warheads when a specific peptide bond is cleaved enzymatically by FAP. FAP is expressed by nonmalignant fibroblasts in the connective tissue (stroma) of epithelial tumors; therefore, prodrugs enable tumors to be targeted with cytotoxic agents independently of the mutational status of the cancer cell. Prodrug feasibility was demonstrated in STTR Phase I for ARI-3996, which delivers a Velcade-like proteasome inhibitor to the tumor, and confirmed with ARI-3099DOX, which delivers the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX). ARI-3099DOX and ARI-3996 are both promising drug candidates. Before proceeding to IND-enabling studies, however, further work, which is planned for STTR Phase II, will be required in order to: (1) improve prodrug half-life in vivo, (2) evaluate the possible safety risk that might result from killing FAP+ cells that have recently been discovered in normal tissues, and (3) understand whether, by a new mechanism of action, prodrugs can relieve tumoral immune suppression to activate the immune system to kill tumors [1]. Arisaph has developed chemistry required to make prodrugs that are unique in that they are cleaved to release cytotoxic warheads by FAP, but not by a closely related enzyme, prolyl endopeptidase, which would otherwise present a major risk of toxicity to the patient because it is expressed in many healthy tissues. Developmental risk is mitigated by ability to make back up compounds, and clinical risk, by patient selection with a simple biopsy assay for FAP activity in tumor samples. Arisaph's collaborator, Dr. H. Borghaei (Fox Chase Cancer Center), has developed a model of endogenous lung cancer for testing the possible immunological effects of prodrugs. The goal of STTR Phase II is to select the most efficacious prodrug candidate, based on preclinical efficacy and safety, for IND-enabling studies that will be conducted by Arisaph in Phase III.

描述（由申请人提供）：癌症是美国仅次于心脏病的第二大死亡原因。化疗是手术切除肿瘤后的主要治疗方法；但临床获益与致残或危及生命的副作用之间的平衡往往是不确定的。对癌症进行基因分型以识别突变的致癌基因已经开启了靶向治疗的时代。针对驱动肿瘤生长的突变蛋白的药物有望彻底改变癌症治疗；但是癌症固有的遗传可塑性限制了