Efficacy of Resistance Training as an Aid To Smoking Cessation Treatment

描述（由申请人提供）：为了减少由吸烟引起的广泛死亡和疾病，必须加速降低流行率。帮助戒烟的处方药可能有效，但高达80%的吸烟者在没有医疗帮助的情况下戒烟。美国卫生与公众服务部提倡运动作为戒烟的辅助手段，然而，我们对运动如何有帮助的理解存在重大差距。到目前为止，有氧运动是唯一一种被调查的运动；人们对其作用机制的理解很差；在文献中，男性吸烟者的代表性不足。这项试验的目的是产生新的数据，以解决这些差距。我们的初步研究[R03 CA132475]的积极结果表明，阻力训练（即重量训练）可以为吸烟者提供一种独特的戒烟行为策略。与对照组相比，抗阻训练的参与者更有可能在试验结束时戒烟，体重和体脂也更低。这是一个关键的好处，因为在戒烟期间和戒烟后体重/脂肪的增加通常会抵消戒烟的好处，显著增加患2型糖尿病、高血压和糖尿病的风险

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): To reduce the widespread death and disease that results from cigarette smoking, declines in prevalence must accelerate. Prescription medications to aid quitting can be effective, but up to 80% of smokers who attempt to quit do so without medical assistance. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services promotes exercise as an aid for quitting, however, there are significant gaps in our understanding of how exercise is helpful. To date, aerobic exercise has been the only type of exercise investigated; there is a poor understanding of the mechanisms of action; and there is an under-representation of male smokers in the literature. This trial is designed to produce new data that will address each of these gaps. Positive results from our pilot study [R03 CA132475] suggest that resistance training (i.e., weight training) can offer smokers a unique behavioral strategy for quitting. When compared to a control, resistance trained participants were more likely to achieve smoking abstinence and have lower body weight and body fat at the end of the trial. This is a key benefit, as the body weight/fat gain that typically occurs during and after quitting offsets th benefit of cessation with significant increases in the risks for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and a decline in lung function. The purpose of this study is to test of the efficacy of resistance training as an aid to smoking cessation in the first full scale randomized controlled trial. A tota of 206 male and female smokers will receive a brief smoking cessation counseling session prior to being randomized into a 12-week Resistance Training or Contact Control group. Both groups will meet on-site twice per week during the 12-week program, and follow-up assessments will occur at the end of the 12-weeks (3-month) and at a 6-month and 12-month time point. Participants will not receive any additional smoking cessation treatment during follow-up; however, the Resistance Training group will receive a 9-month membership to a fitness center to encourage continued resistance training as a way to maintain cessation, and attendance to the center will be tracked. Participants in the Contact Control group will also receive a 9-month fitness center membership after their 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome is salivary cotinine verified 7-Day Point Prevalence Abstinence (PPA) at the 3-month assessment, and at the 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Secondary outcomes will include an examination of (a) the potential mechanisms of action (e.g., acute changes in cortisol, mood, cravings, abstinence self-efficacy, sleep) assessed during the 12-week intervention; (b) treatment differences on biological markers of disease risk (e.g., lung function, HbA1c, blood lipids, body composition, bone mass, blood pressure), physical fitness, and exercise behavior at each follow-up; and (c) the association between each of these variables and smoking outcomes. Finally, we will explore whether gender moderates the effect of treatment on smoking outcome, or on any of the other dependent variables (e.g., mechanisms of action, biological markers, fitness, exercise behavior).