Innovation in an Aging Society

描述（由申请人提供）：美国科研队伍正在老龄化——美国学者和医学院教师的平均年龄从1970年的40岁出头增加到40多岁。这种老龄化令人不安，因为人们在职业生涯的早期就做出了重要的科学贡献。此外，美国正在将创新作为经济驱动力，人口老龄化将增加和改变对生物医学创新的需求。该计划项目将发展和传播一个相互关联的研究机构，研究老龄化社会的研究成果和影响，并提供必要的数据基础设施，以促进一个充满活力的研究社区的发展，研究个人层面的创新、老龄化和创新。我们的研究将围绕两个广泛的、相互关联的问题进行组织：(1)我们将预测老龄化的科学劳动力将如何影响创新和政策反应的数量和质量。我们将研究创新在生命周期中如何变化，以及a)研究团队和社区的年龄结构；B)从培训到退休的生命周期事件；c)研究者特征（性别、种族和民族）在年龄-创新关系中起中介作用。(2)研究科研对健康的影响和地方经济的溢出效应，以及生物医学科研队伍老龄化对健康和经济的影响。我们还将研究人口老龄化将如何影响生物医学研究的需求，以及研究人员将如何应对。由(A)管理、(B)数据采集与构建和(C)项目开发三个核心组成，我们的多学科团队将对老龄化社会的创新进行全面分析和催化研究。为了补充这项工作，我们将提供广泛的数据和工具，包括一个大规模的、消除歧义的、关于生物医学研究人员的纵向数据集，这不仅将支持项目，而且将为研究界提供基础设施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The U.S. scientific workforce is aging - the average age of both US academics and medical school faculty increased to the late 40s, from the early 40s in 1970. This aging is troubling because people are seen to make important scientific contributions early in their careers. Moreover, the U.S. is turning to innovation as an economic driver, and the aging of the population will both increase and shift the demand for biomedical innovation. This Program Project will develop and disseminate an interrelated body of research on the production and impact of research in an aging society along with the data infrastructure necessary to catalyze the development of a dynamic research community studying innovation at the individual-level and aging and innovation. Our research will be organized around 2 broad, interrelated issues: (1) We will project how the aging scientific workforce will affect the quantit and quality of innovation and policy responses. We will study how innovation varies over the lifecycle, and how a) the age-structure of research teams and communities; b) life-cycle events from training to retirement; and c) researcher characteristics (gender, race, and ethnicity) mediate the age-innovation relationship. (2) We will study the health impacts of and local economic spillovers from research and how the aging biomedical research workforce will affect health and the economy. We will also study how the aging of our population will affect the demand for biomedical research and how researchers will respond. Supported by 3 cores providing (A) Administration, (B) Data Acquisition and Construction, and (C) Program Development, our multi-disciplinary team will produce a comprehensive analysis and catalyze research on innovation in an aging society. Complementing this work, we will produce a wide range of data and tools, including a large-scale, disambiguated, longitudinal dataset on biomedical researchers that will not only support the projects, but provide infrastructure for the research community.