Bath Salts & the Illicit Drug Market: Use, Violence & Health Consequences

浴盐

• 批准号: 8921163
• 负责人: Ellen Benoit
• 金额: $ 54.34万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-15 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8921163
• 关键词: Accident and Emergency department; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Aggressive behavior; Amphetamines; Applied Research; Attention; Bathing; Behavior; Brain; Cardiovascular system; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Cities; Cocaine; Complement; Consumption; Country; Data; Data Collection; Delusions; Designer Drugs; Development; Dimensions; Drug Addiction; Drug Controls; Drug abuse; Drug usage; Drug user; Edible Plants; Emergency Situation; Ethnography; Federal Government; Focus Groups; Fostering; Goals; Health; Hospitalization; Human; Illicit Drugs; Ingredients and Chemicals; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Label; Law Enforcement; Legal; Life Experience; Literature; Marketing; Mass Media; Measures; Medical; Methamphetamine; Methods; Mission; Mollies; Names; New York; Panic Attack; Paranoia; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Poison Control Centers; Population; Prevention; Prevention education; Prevention program; Price; Process; Public Health; Regulation; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Safety; Sales; Salts; Seizures; Social Environment; Sodium Chloride; Stroke; Surveys; Theft; Time; Toxicology; Variant; Violence; Youth; base; behavioral health; cathinone; design; drug market; drug mechanism; ecstasy; effective therapy; expectation; experience; fighting; innovation; interest; meetings; methamphetamine use; programs; response; social; treatment program; treatment strategy

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of "bath salts" - synthetic cathinones with effects similar to methamphetamine and cocaine - has been associated with violent behavior, emergency hospitalizations and some fatalities among youth and adults in various parts of the country. In response, several state and local governing bodies and the federal government recently legislated bans on the active chemical ingredients in bath salts. These measures have created a new illicit drug market, which may significantly affect user experiences. Most of what is known about bath salts to date comes from emergency room reports and mass media coverage of extreme user experiences. However, it is also important to understand the experiences of users who may not end up in emergency rooms but who may be incurring other, as yet unknown, health risks related to the drugs. Scientific research to date is focused on toxicology, which is vitally important, given that bath salts makers frequently adjust the ingredient chemicals in order to evade law enforcement. Little is known, however, about the developing illicit market, or about subcultural and other social contexts that affect user experiences. The mixed-methods, 5-year investigation proposed here will start to fill that knowledge gap, by meeting the following aims: A. (Drug Market Integration) To scientifically document the integration of bath salts into the illicit drug markets, identify and document commonplace varieties of bath salts that are being sold, how they are sold, quantities being sold, variation in prices, access to products, street/brand names and name changes and how dealers manage users; B. (Role of Violence) To delineate the role of violence and document how and under what circumstances such violence co-occurs with bath salts use/sales, and how the illicit market manages such behaviors; a comparison with crack and methamphetamine will be examined to document how the market adjusts to integrate such behaviors; C. (Use Practices) To document use practices (set and setting) and conduct norms among bath salts users and to identify health problems occurring over time associated with use. Recruitment and data collection will be evenly divided among 4 cities: New Orleans, Houston, Galveston (TX) and New York. The research team has previously conducted market studies in all of these cities and has well established contacts among illicit drug users and sellers. Methods will include ethnography (n=80), focus groups (n=200) and survey (n=1,000). This study will complement ongoing toxicology research into bath salts, consistent with NIDA's mission to apply science to questions of drug abuse and addiction, and to do so in a cross-disciplinary way. Understanding subcultural and social contexts of bath salts use, including user perceptions and expectations, will serve the long-term goal of developing and implementing highly targeted prevention messages and treatment strategies.

描述（由申请人提供）：使用“浴盐”-合成卡西酮，其作用类似于甲基苯丙胺和可卡因-与该国各地青年和成年人的暴力行为，紧急住院和一些死亡有关。作为回应，几个州和地方管理机构以及联邦政府最近立法禁止浴盐中的活性化学成分。这些措施创造了一个新的非法药物市场，可能会严重影响用户体验。迄今为止，人们对浴盐的了解大多来自急诊室报告和大众媒体对极端用户体验的报道。然而，同样重要的是要了解用户的经验，他们可能不会最终在急诊室，但可能会招致其他，迄今为止未知的，与药物有关的健康风险。迄今为止，科学研究的重点是毒理学，这一点至关重要，因为浴盐制造商经常调整化学成分以逃避执法。然而，人们对发展中的非法市场或影响用户体验的亚文化和其他社会背景知之甚少。本文提出的混合方法、5年调查将开始填补这一知识空白，达到以下目标：A。(Drug市场一体化）以科学的方式记录浴盐进入非法药物市场的情况，查明和记录正在销售的常见浴盐品种、销售方式、销售数量、价格变化、获得产品的途径、街道/品牌名称和名称变化以及经销商如何管理用户; B. (Role描述暴力的作用，并记录这种暴力如何以及在什么情况下与浴盐使用/销售共同发生，以及非法市场如何管理这些行为;将检查与快克和甲基苯丙胺的比较，以记录市场如何调整以整合这些行为; C. (Use记录浴盐使用者的使用实践（设置和设置）和行为规范，并确定随着时间的推移与使用相关的健康问题。 招募和数据收集将在4个城市平均分配：新奥尔良、休斯顿、加尔维斯顿（德克萨斯州）和纽约。该研究小组以前曾在所有这些城市进行过市场研究，并与非法药物使用者和销售者建立了良好的联系。方法将包括民族志（n=80），焦点小组（n=200）和调查（n=1,000）。这项研究将补充正在进行的浴盐毒理学研究，与NIDA的使命一致，将科学应用于药物滥用和成瘾问题，并以跨学科的方式这样做。了解浴盐使用的亚文化和社会背景，包括使用者的看法和期望，将有助于制定和实施高度针对性的预防信息和治疗战略的长期目标。