A next-generation spatial light modulator for mapping of neural networks

用于神经网络映射的下一代空间光调制器

• 批准号: 9255050
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER LUK HOY
• 金额: $ 52.34万
• 依托单位: BOULDER NONLINEAR SYSTEMS, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-27 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9255050
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Address; Area; Behavior; Biological Neural Networks; Blood flow; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cells; Collection; Communities; Complex; Custom; Development; Devices; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Discipline; Dissection; Electrodes; Equilibrium; Fluorescence Microscopy; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Holography; Image; Imaging Techniques; Indium; Individual; Industry; Institutes; Lasers; Lateral; Length; Light; Lighting; Link; Literature; Maps; Massachusetts; Measurement; Medical; Microscope; Microscopy; Modeling; Mus; Nature; Neurobiology; Neurons; Neurosciences; Optics; Outcome; Pattern; Performance; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Physiology; Records Controls; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Rest; Role; Shapes; Speed; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissues; Visual Cortex; Work; awake; brain tissue; brain volume; design; digital; experience; frontier; improved; liquid crystal; millimeter; millisecond; neurotransmission; next generation; optical imaging; optogenetics; prototype; relating to nervous system; tool; two-photon

Boulder Nonlinear Systems (BNS) and Prof. Edward Boyden’s Synthetic Neurobiology Group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab propose to develop a new liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) capable generating high resolution holograms to overcome the “imaging gap” that currently divides cellular-level optogenetic techniques and whole brain techniques to improve functional mapping/dissection of complex brain networks. This effort builds upon the successful Phase I effort, in which new modeling techniques were developed to guide this Phase II hardware development. Whole brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), are powerful tools for visualizing neural activity and connections, respectively, across regions of the brain, however their spatial resolution is limited to the millimeter scale and therefore they cannot resolve individual neurons. Meanwhile, optical imaging and photostimulation provide complimentary tools that allow not only direct imaging of neurons and their action potentials, but also the ability to directly stimulate action potentials, all with single cell resolution over small sub-millimeter volumes. This disconnect between the length-scales of whole brain imaging and optical techniques, the so-called “imaging gap”, is one of the critical barriers to understanding how coherent states arise from the activity of neuronal ensembles. In Phase I, BNS and MIT worked with Zemax, Inc. to develop a new optical modeling capability able to simulate holographic microscopy with pixelated phase-modulating SLMs. Using this new modeling capability, BNS identified the barriers to closing the imaging gap by holographically addressing a 1×1×0.5 mm3 volume of tissue. Specifically, we identified the need for a new SLM that optimally balances the trade-offs between addressable field of view, resolution, and switching speed and for corrective optics that undo the lateral chromatic dispersion experienced by the ultrashort laser pulses used for deep tissue microscopy. In Phase II, BNS will develop a next-generation SLM consisting of a 12 V 1280×1280 pixel backplane designed to achieve or exceed 1 ms switching speed. This device will be delivered via custom corrective optics into a commercial microscope at MIT for demonstration of holographic interrogation of neuronal ensembles over a 1×1×0.5 mm3 volume of tissue.

博尔德非线性系统（BNS）和爱德华博伊登教授的合成神经生物学小组在 马萨诸塞州学院（MIT）媒体实验室建议开发一种新的液晶空间灯 调制器（SLM）能够产生高分辨率全息图，以克服目前 将细胞水平的光遗传学技术和全脑技术区分开来， 绘制/解剖复杂的大脑网络。这一努力建立在成功的第一阶段努力的基础上， 开发了新的建模技术来指导第二阶段的硬件开发。 全脑成像技术，如功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）和扩散张量 弥散张量成像（DTI），是强大的工具，可视化神经活动和连接，分别跨区域， 然而，它们的空间分辨率仅限于毫米级，因此它们无法分辨 单个神经元。同时，光学成像和光刺激提供了免费的工具， 不仅可以直接成像神经元及其动作电位，还可以直接刺激动作电位， 所有这些都具有在小的亚毫米体积上的单细胞分辨率。这种长度尺度之间的脱节 全脑成像和光学技术，即所谓的“成像差距”，是实现脑成像的关键障碍之一。 理解相干态是如何从神经元集合的活动中产生的。 在第一阶段，BNS和麻省理工学院与Zemax公司合作。开发一种新的光学建模能力， 具有像素化相位调制SLM的全息显微术。使用这种新的建模功能，BNS 通过对1×1×0.5 mm 3体积的组织进行全息寻址，确定了关闭成像间隙的障碍。 具体而言，我们确定了对新SLM的需求，该SLM在可寻址 视场、分辨率和切换速度，以及用于消除横向色散的校正光学器件 所经历的超短激光脉冲用于深层组织显微镜。 在第二阶段，BNS将开发下一代SLM，包括12 V 1280×1280像素背板， 以达到或超过1 ms的切换速度。该器械将通过定制的矫正光学器件输送到 麻省理工学院的商用显微镜用于演示神经元集合的全息询问 1×1×0.5 mm 3组织体积。