Pesticides and Mental Health among Adolescents in Ecuadorian Agricultural Communities

厄瓜多尔农业社区青少年的农药与心理健康

• 批准号: 9132795
• 负责人: Jose Ricardo Suarez
• 金额: $ 15.36万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9132795
• 关键词: Adolescent; Affect; Age; Aggressive behavior; Agriculture; Attention; Award; Blood; California; Carbamates; Child; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cognition; Cognitive; Communities; Community Participation; Country; County; Ecuador; Ecuadorian; Enrollment; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Excision; Family; Flowers; Government; Harvest; Health; Health Surveys; Home environment; Household; Household Heads; Hyperactive behavior; Impulsivity; Information Systems; Insecticides; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Learning; Life; Link; Measures; Memory; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Minnesota; Modeling; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Mothers; Needs Assessment; Neurodevelopmental Disability; Occupations; Organophosphates; Outcome; Participant; Performance; Pesticides; Pilot Projects; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Population; Prevalence; Process; Program Evaluation; Provider; Publishing; Research; Research Activity; Research Priority; Resources; Rural Community; Sample Size; Schools; Social Health Services; Surveys; Symptoms; System; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Hormones; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Time; TimeLine; Triiodothyronine; Universities; Update; Work; aged; base; boys; cohort; conduct problem; cost; demographics; girls; health economics; improved; intervention program; meetings; member; neurobehavioral; neurotoxic; organochlorine pesticide; persistent organic pollutants; pesticide exposure; population based; response; rural area; socioeconomics; tool

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neurodevelopmental disabilities and mental health disorders are prevalent and have been steadily increasing in children worldwide over the last 2 decades. Common agricultural pesticides (i.e. organophosphates) have been associated with neurobehavioral alterations including attention deficit, impulsivity and cognitive decrease in children. However, there is currently no information of these associations among adolescents. Our preliminary work in Ecuadorian children suggests that neurobehavioral declines associated with pesticide exposures may improve over time after removal of the exposure. The most commonly used insecticides worldwide are neonicotinoids and cholinesterase inhibitors (i.e. organophosphates and carbamates). Neonicotinoids have not been studied in this context. Organophosphates may also influence thyroid hormone levels, another possible mechanism by which they could affect mental health. In 2008, we examined 313 children (ages 4-9 y) living in the agricultural county of Pedro Moncayo, Ecuador, as part of the Secondary Pesticide Exposure on Children and Adolescents (ESPINA) study. The objectives of this proposal are to: A) estimate the prevalence of pesticide exposures in blood (organophosphate, carbamate, neonicotinoid), and to assess the hypothesis that pesticides are associated with greater externalizing symptoms (i.e. hyperactivity, aggression, conduct problems), school problems (i.e. decreased attention and learning) and increased thyroid hormones among 80 adolescents (ages 12-17 y) of the ESPINA study in 2016. B) to expand the research capabilities of Pedro Moncayo County and Fundación Cimas del Ecuador. We plan to strengthen the Local Community Information System (LCIS), a geocoded surveillance system of Pedro Moncayo County that includes socio-economic (SES), cultural and health information of over 15,000 residents, collected through community participation. We propose to conduct a Health Survey (interviews) of all household heads living in 1 of the 5 parishes of Pedro Moncayo County: Tupigachi (target n families=1000, nindividuals˜5200, ˜90% of the population). The survey will provide information on demographics, SES, occupation, geographic coordinates, access to social and health services (including mental health), economic activities, and morbidity of all household members. Impact: Few epidemiologic studies have assessed pesticide exposures in relation to mental health for extended periods of time and we know of no published studies on adolescents. Also, the LCIS is a powerful tool for needs assessments, intervention strategies and program evaluations, and has tremendous potential for rapid enrolment of participants in population-based studies. Community participation has made this an efficient and low-cost approach in the past; we are confident that the sample size and timeline will be met with the available resources. The findings of this study can guide the planning of larger investigations to assess determinants of mental health in agricultural settings.

 描述（由申请人提供）：过去 20 年来，神经发育障碍和精神健康障碍在全世界儿童中十分普遍，并且呈稳步上升趋势。常见的农业农药（即有机磷酸酯）与神经行为改变有关，包括儿童注意力缺陷、冲动和认知能力下降。然而，目前还没有青少年之间这些关联的信息。我们对厄瓜多尔儿童的初步研究表明，与农药接触相关的神经行为下降可能会随着时间的推移在消除接触后有所改善。全世界最常用的杀虫剂是新烟碱类和胆碱酯酶抑制剂（即有机磷酸酯和氨基甲酸酯）。尚未在这方面研究新烟碱类杀虫剂。有机磷酸酯还可能影响甲状腺激素水平，这是它们影响心理健康的另一种可能机制。 2008 年，作为儿童和青少年二次农药暴露 (ESPINA) 研究的一部分，我们对居住在厄瓜多尔佩德罗蒙卡约农业县的 313 名儿童（4-9 岁）进行了检查。该提案的目标是：A) 估计血液中农药（有机磷、氨基甲酸酯、新烟碱类）暴露的流行率，并评估 ESPINA 80 名青少年（12-17 岁）中农药与更严重的外在症状（即多动、攻击性、行为问题）、学校问题（即注意力和学习能力下降）和甲状腺激素增加相关的假设 2016 年的研究。B) 扩大佩德罗蒙卡约县和厄瓜多尔 Cimas 基金会的研究能力。我们计划加强当地社区信息系统 (LCIS)，这是佩德罗蒙卡约县的地理编码监测系统，其中包括通过社区参与收集的 15,000 多名居民的社会经济 (SES)、文化和健康信息。我们建议对居住在佩德罗蒙卡约县 5 个教区之一：图皮加奇 (Tupigachi) 的所有户主进行健康调查（访谈）（目标 n 个家庭 = 1000 个，个人约 5200 人，约占人口的 90%）。该调查将提供有关所有家庭成员的人口统计、社会经济地位、职业、地理坐标、获得社会和卫生服务（包括心理健康）、经济活动和发病率的信息。影响：很少有流行病学研究长期评估农药暴露与心理健康的关系，据我们所知，还没有针对青少年的已发表研究。此外，LCIS 是需求评估、干预策略和项目评估的强大工具，并且在快速招募参与者参与基于人群的研究方面具有巨大潜力。过去，社区参与使其成为一种高效且低成本的方法；我们相信可用资源能够满足样本量和时间表的要求。这项研究的结果可以指导规划更大规模的调查，以评估农业环境中心理健康的决定因素。