ReMOT Control of mosquito transgenesis

描述（由申请人提供）：基因操作是解决节肢动物医学重要性研究问题的有力技术。目前的方法依赖于通过胚胎显微注射将DNA或内切酶输送到胚前胚层胚胎。然而，胚胎显微注射在技术上具有挑战性，仅限于少数节肢动物类群，即使在优化的物种中也是低效的。因此，迫切需要开发节肢动物基因操作的方法，这些方法简单，易于许多研究人员使用，并且通常适用于各种节肢动物物种。在卵发生过程中，昆虫通过受体介导的内吞作用（RME）将卵黄蛋白前体转移到发育中的卵母细胞。将黑腹果蝇卵黄蛋白1 （Drosophila melanogaster蛋黄蛋白1，DmYP1）注射到卵黄发生前的成年雌性按蚊体内，通过RME转导进入种系。我们发现，DmYP1可以100%的效率将蛋白质或DNA等货物转导到发育中的按蚊种系。我们将这种技术称为“受体介导的卵巢转导货物，或“远程控制”，我们假设可以用来将货物转导到按蚊种系中，以稳定和可遗传地编辑蚊子染色体遗传序列。这一假设将通过两个具体目的进行调查。第一个目标是使用远程控制来特异性删除斯氏按蚊种系中的基因。DmYP1将融合到靶向GFP的转录激活因子样效应核酸酶（TALENs）上。注射到gfp转基因蚊子体内后，通过荧光缺失和测序鉴定缺失系。第二个目标是通过将转座因子转导到蚊子种系中，利用远程控制技术创造转基因斯氏按蚊。DmYP1将用于将含有gfp的转座子转导到表达转座酶的转基因蚊子中，或与DmYP1-转座酶融合酶共注射。转基因系将通过GFP的功能增益来鉴定；通过PCR、测序和southern blot鉴定插入位点。一旦得到优化，远程控制将极大地改变分子昆虫学研究的格局，允许对各种载体节肢动物和非模式物种进行简单、灵活的遗传操作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Genetic manipulation is a powerful technique for addressing research questions in arthropods of medical importance. Current approaches rely upon delivering DNA or endonucleases to preblastoderm embryos via embryonic microinjection. However, embryonic microinjection is technically challenging, is limited to a small number of arthropod taxa, and is inefficient even in optimized species. As such, there is a critical need to develop methods for arthropod genetic manipulation that are simple, accessible for many researchers and generally compatible for a large variety of arthropod species. During oogenesis, insects transfer yolk protein precursors to developing oocytes by receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME). When Drosophila melanogaster yolk protein 1 (DmYP1) is injected into pre-vitellogenic adult female Anopheles mosquitoes, it is transduced into the germline by RME. We show that DmYP1 can be used to transduce cargo such as protein or DNA with 100% efficiency to the developing Anopheles germline. We term this technique "Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo, or "ReMOT Control", which we hypothesize can be used to transduce cargo into the Anopheles germline for stable and heritable editing of the mosquito chromosomal genetic sequence. This hypothesis will be investigated by two specific Aims. The first aim is to use ReMOT Control to specifically delete genes in the germline of Anopheles stephensi. DmYP1 will be fused to transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) targeting GFP. After injection into GFP-transgenic mosquitoes, deletion lines will be identified by loss of fluorescence and sequencing. The second aim is to use ReMOT Control to create transgenic Anopheles stephensi by transduction of transposable elements into the mosquito germline. DmYP1 will be used to transduce GFP-containing transposons into transgenic transposase-expressing mosquitoes or co-injected with DmYP1-transposase fusion enzymes. Transgenic lines will be identified by GFP gain-of- function; insertion sites will be identified by PCR, sequencing and southern blot. Once optimized, ReMOT Control will dramatically change the landscape of molecular entomology research, allowing easy, flexible genetic manipulation of a wide variety of vector arthropods and non-model species.