Potential for mosquitoes in the United States to transmit Zika virus

美国的蚊子传播寨卡病毒的可能性

• 批准号: 9317430
• 负责人: Jason L Rasgon
• 金额: $ 23.58万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-18 至 2020-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9317430
• 关键词: Adult; Aedes; Africa; American; Anopheles Genus; Area; Asia; Biological Assay; Biology; Blood; Brazil; Central America; Chikungunya virus; Collection; Congenital Abnormality; Country; Culex (Genus); Culicidae; Dengue Virus; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Emergency Situation; Epidemiology; Flavivirus; Geography; Human; Infection; Island; Knowledge; Laboratory Study; Mediating; Micronesia; Ochlerotatus; Plaque Assay; Play; Policies; Population; Risk Management; Role; South America; Southeastern Asia; Uganda; United States; Viral; Virus; Virus Diseases; West Nile virus; World Health Organization; Zika Virus; forest; geographic difference; pathogen; transmission process; vector

Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first isolated in the Zika forest of what is now Uganda. For many decades, Zika virus was of no major epidemiological concern, causing occasional small outbreaks in Africa and Southeast Asia with only a handful of human cases recorded. This changed in 2007, when the first outbreak outside of Africa or Asia occurred on the island of Yap in Micronesia with approximately 100-200 confirmed or suspected cases. Zika virus is no longer a mild infection limited to Africa and Asia – it has now been introduced to the western hemisphere, with autochthonous Zika transmission documented in Brazil since May 2015, in other countries in central and south America, and over 250 imported cases in the United States (as of March 2016). Due to newly observed associations with major birth defects, the World Health Organization has declared Zika a global emergency and is estimating approximately 3-4 million cases by the end of 2016. Similar to dengue and Chikungunya viruses, the mosquito Aedes aegypti is thought to be the primary vector for Zika virus. Aedes albopictus has also been demonstrated to be a highly competent vector in laboratory studies. However, Zika virus has been detected in over 25 species of mosquitoes from 5 genera. Although detecting virus in a mosquito is not proof of transmission, these studies emphasize our lack of knowledge about the transmission biology of this emergent pathogen. Some identified vector species (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) are present in the United States and these vectors alone open the possibility of outbreaks and even local transmission in parts of the USA. If other native or established mosquito species are competent to transmit Zika, the virus could potentially move into the USA beyond areas currently colonized by aegypti and albopictus, similar to what was observed with the mosquito Culex tarsalis and the invasion of West Nile virus into the USA during the early 2000's. In this proposal, we will (1) investigate the potential for common, widespread mosquito species present in the United States to transmit Zika virus and (2) investigate geographic variation among Aedes albopictus populations to transmit Zika virus. Proactive knowledge about the potential role that North American mosquito fauna may play in the introduced epidemiology of Zika virus is absolutely critical for the development of efficient Zika virus control strategies and risk management policies in the USA.

寨卡病毒是一种蚊媒黄病毒，最早在现在乌干达的寨卡森林中分离出来。为 几十年来，寨卡病毒没有引起重大流行病学问题，偶尔会引起小规模的 在非洲和东南亚爆发，只有少数人类病例记录在案。这一变化在 2007年，密克罗尼西亚的雅普岛发生了非洲或亚洲以外的首次疫情 大约有100-200例确诊或疑似病例。寨卡病毒已不再是一种轻度感染 仅限于非洲和亚洲-现在已被引入西半球， 自2015年5月以来，巴西记录的本土寨卡病毒传播，中部其他国家 和南美洲，美国有超过250例输入性病例（截至2016年3月）。由于 世界卫生组织宣布， 寨卡是一种全球性的紧急情况，估计到2016年底约有300万至400万病例。类似 对于登革热和基孔肯雅病毒，埃及伊蚊被认为是主要的传播媒介 寨卡病毒白纹伊蚊也被证明是一种高度胜任的媒介， 实验室研究然而，寨卡病毒已在5个国家的25种蚊子中检测到。 属虽然在蚊子身上检测到病毒并不能证明病毒的传播，但这些研究强调， 我们对这种新出现的病原体的传播生物学知识的缺乏。一些人指出， 媒介物种（白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊）存在于美国， 光是病媒就有可能在美国部分地区爆发疫情，甚至出现局部传播。如果 其他本地或已建立的蚊子物种有能力传播寨卡病毒， 可能会进入美国目前由埃及和白纹伊蚊殖民的地区，类似于 我们观察到的跗库蚊和西尼罗河病毒入侵美国的情况 在2000年初。在本提案中，我们将（1）调查常见的、广泛的 寨卡病毒是由寨卡病毒携带者携带的一种病毒。 寨卡病毒的传播途径有哪些？主动了解 北美蚊子区系可能在寨卡流行病学中发挥的潜在作用 寨卡病毒是寨卡病毒的主要传播媒介。 美国的管理政策。