Receptor pharmacology and toxicology of second-generation pyrrolidine "bath salt" cathinones

第二代吡咯烷“浴盐”卡西酮的受体药理学和毒理学

• 批准号: 9020687
• 负责人: CLINTON E CANAL
• 金额: $ 26.97万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9020687
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adrenergic Agents; Affect; Affinity; Agonist; Amines; Amphetamines; Anxiety; Bathing; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Cardiac; Cardiotoxicity; Catecholamines; Cells; Cessation of life; Controlled Study; Convulsions; Data; Dose; Event; Fright; Funding; G-Protein-Coupled Receptors; Generations; Goals; HTR2A gene; Human; Hypertension; Hyperthermia; Intervention; Ketones; Kidney; Ligands; Marketing; Measures; Metabolism; Mus; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neurobiology; Neurologic; Overdose; Panic; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacology; Pharmacology and Toxicology; Pharmacotherapy; Property; Psychotic Disorders; Public Health; Pyrrolidines; Regulation; Reporting; Research Infrastructure; Risk; Schedule; Serotonin; Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2C; Signal Transduction; Sodium Chloride; System; Testing; Toxic effect; analog; authority; base; cathinone; chemical addition; chemical group; chemical substitution; guided inquiry; in vivo; monoamine; mortality; novel; pre-clinical; psychologic; psychostimulant; public health relevance; receptor; research study; response; vasoconstriction

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The National Institute on Drug Abuse recognizes that the abuse of synthetic cathinones (SC) is a serious public health issue. SC use can cause panic, psychosis, neurological complications, cardiac and renal toxicity, and fatal overdose. SC is β-ketone analogs of amphetamines, and have similar subjective effects (e.g., stimulant and hallucinogenic effects) as their respective amphetamine counterparts. However, humans report conspicuous differences in psychological effects between amphetamines and SC, highlighting that SC is a unique drug class with unique pharmacological properties and neurobiological effects, much of which are presently unknown. With the recent DEA scheduling of many widely abused SC, e.g. mephedrone, methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), and methylone, second-generation SC have emerged, most of which contain a pyrrolidine moiety in place of the secondary amine of first-generation SC. MDPV was the first of the pyrrolidine SC to gain popularity among stimulant users, however, due to MDPV's scheduling with other first-generation SC, illicit chemists have synthesized and distributed many other pyrrolidine SC. Pyrrolidine SC appear to have an unusually high propensity to induce panic and psychosis, which suggests they may be acting through receptor systems in addition to monoamine transporters. However, systematic studies testing the fear-inducing effects of pyrrolidine SC are lacking, and systematic pharmacological assessments of pyrrolidine SC at receptors that could contribute to psychiatric events are warranted. Also, to date, no approved medications exist for acute SC overdose, but our preliminary data demonstrate a promising, new pharmacological intervention, 5-HT2A receptor antagonism, to mitigate psychostimulant-induced psychosis, hyperthermia, convulsions, and fatal overdose. Our proposed studies will compare new and widely available, second-generation pyrrolidine SC to mephedrone and will determine: 1) how the pyrrolidine substitution affects affinity and function at serotonin 5-HT2 and adrenergic α1 receptor subtypes expressed in HEK293 cells; 2) whether the pyrrolidine substitution contributes to fear, anxiety, and psychosis in mice; and 3) the efficacy of 5-HT2 and α1 selective ligands to block clinically critical components of acute SC overdose in mice. The experiments in Aims 1 and 2 will address the goal of this public funding announcement to provide information regarding the pharmacology and unique effects of SC. The results from Aim 3 will guide discovery of novel fast-acting treatments for acute SC overdose.