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DISSECTING MOLECULAR AND GENETIC MECHANISMS THAT PROMOTE MYELINATION

剖析促进髓鞘形成的分子和遗传机制

基本信息

批准号：
8999023
负责人：
Sarah Petersen
金额：
$ 2.15万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-03-01 至 2016-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8999023
关键词：
Action Potentials Adhesions Alleles Axon Binding Biological Models C-terminal Caliber Cell Communication Cell Differentiation process Cell membrane Cells Cellular biology Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Cleaved cell DNA Sequence Alteration Data Defect Demyelinating Diseases Demyelinations Development Disease Enhancers Extracellular Domain Family Foundations G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Genes Genetic Genetic Screening Genomics Health Human In Situ Hybridization Inherited Ligands Membrane Modeling Molecular Genetics Multiple Sclerosis Mus Mutant Strains Mice Mutation Myelin Myelin Sheath N-terminal Nerve Nervous system structure Neuraxis Neuroglia Neurons Neuropathy Numbness Orphan Pain Peripheral Peripheral Nerves Peripheral Nervous System Pharmacologic Substance Phenotype Process Radial Reporter Resources Role Schwann Cells Signal Transduction Sorting - Cell Movement Staging Structure Syndrome Testing Transgenic Organisms Transmission Electron Microscopy Universities Washington Work Zebrafish base design in vivo innovation model building molecular domain mutant myelination myelinopathy nervous system disorder novel prevent programs receptor targeted treatment therapy development transcription activator-like effector nucleases

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Myelin is a multilayered membrane that ensheathes axons in vertebrate nervous systems. In the peripheral nervous system, specialized glia called Schwann cells wrap themselves around axonal segments to form the myelin sheath. Myelin is essential for trophic support of neurons and provides insulation to efficiently conduct nerve impulses. Disruption of the peripheral myelin sheath can result in devastating neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. There are currently no treatments to prevent de-myelination or stimulate re-myelination, and development of these therapies is hindered by an incomplete understanding of the genetic and molecular factors that drive Schwann cells to form the myelin sheath. Schwann cell myelination requires Gpr126, an orphaned adhesion family G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR). Loss of Gpr126 function in vertebrate models results in arrested development of Schwann cells at the promyelinating state and reduced or absent peripheral myelin. Although Gpr126 is essential for peripheral myelination, very little is known about the mechanism by which it functions. This study will utilize the zebrafish model system to define the role of Gpr126 in myelination. In the first aim, I will use structure-function analysis o define the molecular domains of Gpr126 that regulate key steps in peripheral myelination. I predict that the large N-terminal domain of Gpr126 has a distinct function in sorting each Schwann cell around a single large-caliber axon. In contrast, I hypothesize the transmembrane C-terminus of Gpr126 is sufficient to direct the Schwann cell to wrap the axon following sorting. I will generate specific zebrafish mutants and perform in vivo analyses to test these hypotheses. In my second aim, I will perform an innovative forward genetic screen for mutations that enhance or suppress myelin defects in gpr126 hypomorphic mutants. This enhancer/suppressor screen will identify regulators of the Gpr126 myelination program as well as novel factors that function in parallel to Gpr126 for myelination. By defining the molecular and genetic factors that promote myelination, these studies will provide the basis for identifying causative mutations for genetic neuropathies like CMT. This work also will also deepen our understanding of Schwann cell biology and can lay the foundation for developing therapies to treat demyelination and promote re-myelination of peripheral nerves.

描述（由申请人提供）：髓磷脂是脊椎动物神经系统中包裹轴突的多层膜。在周围神经系统中，被称为雪旺细胞的特殊胶质细胞将自己包裹在轴突节段周围，形成髓鞘。髓磷脂对神经元的营养支持至关重要，并提供有效传导神经冲动的绝缘。外周髓鞘的破坏可导致破坏性的神经病变，如Charcot-Marie-Tooth （CMT）病。目前还没有预防髓鞘脱鞘或刺激髓鞘再生的治疗方法，对驱动雪旺细胞形成髓鞘的遗传和分子因素的不完全理解阻碍了这些治疗方法的发展。雪旺细胞髓鞘形成需要Gpr126，一种孤儿粘附家族G蛋白偶联受体（aGPCR）。在脊椎动物模型中，Gpr126功能的丧失会导致雪旺细胞在早髓鞘状态下发育受阻，并导致周围髓鞘减少或缺失。尽管Gpr126对外周髓鞘形成至关重要，但对其作用机制知之甚少。本研究将利用斑马鱼模型系统来确定Gpr126在髓鞘形成中的作用。在第一个目标中，我将使用结构-功能分析来定义调节外周髓鞘形成关键步骤的Gpr126的分子结构域。我预测Gpr126的大n端结构域在对单个大口径轴突周围的每个雪旺细胞进行分类方面具有独特的功能。相反，我假设Gpr126的跨膜c端足以指导雪旺细胞在分选后包裹轴突。我