The Effect of Food Marketing and Attentional Biases on Eating behaviors in the African American Adolescent Girls

 描述(由申请人提供)：NIMHD战略计划提出了一个关键的重点，即研究导致种族/少数民族之间健康差距的潜在因素，如肥胖。建议的Ruth L.Kirschstein NRSA是一个为期两年的研究和培训计划，重点是揭示环境、认知和行为因素之间的潜在联系，这些因素导致非裔美国人(AA)青春期女孩肥胖健康差异。再生障碍性贫血少女的超重/肥胖及相关并存的比率远远高于其他种族/族裔群体的比率，突出了严重的健康差距。肥胖的美国骨质疏松症患者更有可能在成年后保持肥胖，并产生健康后果，如2型糖尿病和高血压。因此，预防这一群体的超重/肥胖至关重要。然而，预防和干预努力必须考虑到影响肥胖风险的多个系统，特别是个人和环境因素。与其他群体相比，AA个人可能更容易受到环境因素的影响，如食品营销。肥胖的AA青少年可能更容易过度关注与食物相关的刺激(即注意偏差[ABS])，从而增加食品营销的潜在角色。这些因素加在一起，可能会导致不健康的饮食行为，增加肥胖风险。在120名AA肥胖(n=60)和非超重(n=60)的青春期女孩中，拟议的项目将检查食品营销和ABS对饮食行为的影响。食物线索ABS将使用注意偏向视觉圆点探测任务进行检验。之后，AA女孩将观看嵌入食品广告或中性/非食品广告的视频剪辑。饮食行为将通过实验室测试用餐进行评估。这项研究将评估食品营销和ABS分别影响再生障碍性贫血青春期女孩食物消费的假设。此外，我们预计，观看食品广告并拥有高ABS的女孩将会消费更多的整体食物。这项拟议研究的结果将阐明环境、认知和行为因素之间的关系，这些因素可能会导致再生障碍性贫血少女的肥胖风险。如果成功，该项目可能有助于确定预防肥胖症的个人和环境目标，例如注意力再培训和限制针对青年的食品营销。数据有可能为重要的监管政策提供科学支持，以鼓励营销与营养指南和针对青年和种族/族裔少数群体的食品营销限制相一致。拟议的NRSA将提供概念、技术和专业技能培训，了解健康差距研究中的社会生态因素，驱动营销技巧的心理学理论，ABS，以及传播研究为政策提供信息的方法。食品营销、ABS范式和实验室测试餐的创新整合将阐明当前的食物环境、与食物相关的认知和饮食行为如何相互作用，促进AA女孩这一弱势群体肥胖风险的发展和维持。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The NIMHD Strategic Plan proposes a critical focus on studying underlying factors contributing to health disparities, such as obesity, among racial/ethnic minorities. The proposed Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA is a two-year program of research and training focused on uncovering the underlying associations among environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors that contribute to obesity health disparities among African American (AA) adolescent girls. Rates of overweight/obesity and related comorbidities among AA adolescent girls are much higher than rates in other racial/ethnic groups, highlighting a critical health disparity. AAs who are obese are more likely to remain obese through adulthood and develop health consequences, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Therefore, preventing overweight/obesity in this group is critical. Yet, prevention and intervention efforts must account for the multiple systems that influence obesity risk, specifically individual and environmental factors. AA individuals may be more vulnerable to environmental factors, such as food marketing, compared to other groups. Obese AA adolescents may be more prone to over-attention toward food-related stimuli (i.e., attentional biases [ABs]) increasing the potential rol of food marketing. Together, these factors may lead to unhealthy eating behaviors and increase obesity risk. Among 120 AA obese (n=60) and non-overweight (n=60) adolescent girls, the proposed project will examine the effect of food marketing and ABs on eating behaviors. Food cue ABs will be examined using an attention bias visual dot probe task. Afterwards, AA girls will view a video clip embedded with either a food commercial or a neutral/non-food commercial. Eating behavior will be assessed using a laboratory test meal. This study will evaluate the hypotheses that food marketing and ABs individually impact food consumption among AA adolescent girls. Further, we expect that girls who view the food commercial and have high ABs will consume more overall food. Findings from the proposed study will elucidate the associations among environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors that may contribute to obesity risk in AA adolescent girls. If successful, this project may assist in identifying individual and environmenta targets for obesity prevention, such as attentional retraining and limits on youth-targeted food marketing, respectively. Data have the potential to build scientific support towards important regulatory policies to encourage alignment of marketing with nutritional guidelines and limits on food marketing towards youth and racial/ethnic minorities. The proposed NRSA will provide conceptual, technical, and professional skills training in understanding socio-ecological factors within health disparities research, psychological theories that drive marketing techniques, ABs, and ways to disseminate research to inform policy. The innovative integration of food marketing, an ABs paradigm, and a laboratory test meal will elucidate how the current food environment, food-related cognitions, and eating behaviors interact to contribute to the development and maintenance of obesity risk in AA girls, a vulnerable group.