Distinctions between black and white young women in the course of alcohol use

描述(申请人提供)：在饮酒和问题饮酒方面的性别差距正在缩小。为年轻妇女制定有效的预防方案需要深入了解防止危险饮酒或增加危险饮酒风险的环境条件，以及种族/民族群体之间对危险饮酒相对影响的差异。 各种因素。这个二次数据分析项目建立在非裔美国人(AA)和白人年轻女性在酒精使用流行率、酒精使用障碍(AUD)和与AUD相关的风险因素方面的记录差异的基础上，以检查饮酒过程中过渡过程中可能存在的差异，目的是完善AA女孩和年轻女性中酒精使用和滥用的模型。在大规模酒精研究中，AA女性的代表性不足，这使得对细粒酒精表型的调查非常具有挑战性，这些表型捕捉到了酒精使用的动态性质(例如，从第一次饮酒到问题饮酒的进展速度)。拟议的早期调查员R01通过分析三项关于年轻再生障碍性贫血和白人女性的酒精使用和相关精神病理学的大规模研究(双胞胎、高风险家庭和城市青少年/年轻成人样本，总计n=6,705，33%再生障碍性贫血)的数据，解决了酒精研究中的这一差距，每一项研究都在多波数据收集中收集了详细的酒精使用史以及有关精神和心理社会状况的信息。该项目特别关注两个不同种族的早期环境因素的作用：童年创伤， 一系列精神疾病的潜在危险因素，以及父母监测，这是一个重要的研究目标，因为它是可修改的。大麻开始使用的时间也被视为饮酒过程的一个可能的修饰性因素，因为在AA年轻女性中使用和开始使用酒精之前使用的流行率上升。拟议的项目旨在(1)确定再生障碍性贫血和白人年轻女性在酒精使用阶段和酒精开始使用相对于大麻使用的过渡时间上的差异；(2)检查不同种族在导致早期创伤和父母监测的因素以及这些早期环境因素随后对酒精结果的影响方面的差异；以及(3)探索早期创伤和父母监测对酒精使用进展的贡献的差异来源(例如，早期创伤与AUDS遗传易感性的相互作用)。研究结果将改善对再生障碍性贫血和白人年轻女性早期饮酒和问题饮酒的风险和保护因素的评估，并指导文化上适当的预防工作。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The gender gap in alcohol use and problem drinking is closing. The development of effective prevention programs for young women requires an in-depth understanding of the environmental conditions that protect against or elevate liability to risky drinking and the differences between racial/ethnic groups in the relative influences of those factors. This secondary data analysis project builds on the documented differences between African-American (AA) and White young women in the prevalence of alcohol use, alcohol use disorders (AUDs), and risk factors associated with AUDs to examine possible distinctions in transitions through drinking course, with the goal of refining models of alcohol use and misuse in AA girls and young women. The underrepresentation of AA females in large-scale alcohol studies has made investigations of the fine-grain alcohol phenotypes that capture the dynamic nature of alcohol use (e.g., rate of progression from first drink to problem drinking) very challenging. The proposed early stage investigator R01 addresses this gap in alcohol research by analyzing data from three large-scale studies of alcohol use and related psychopathology in young AA and White women (twin, high-risk family and urban adolescent/young adult samples, total n=6,705, 33% AA), each of which collected detailed alcohol use history and information on psychiatric and psychosocial conditions in multiple waves of data collection. The project focuses in particular on the role of two early environmental factors that differ by race: childhood trauma, a potent risk factor for a range of psychiatric conditions, and parental monitoring, an important target of study because of its modifiability. The timing of marijuana use initiation is also examined as a possible modifier of drinking course because of the elevated prevalence of use and initiation of use before alcohol in AA young women. The proposed project is designed to (1) identify distinctions between AA and White young women in the timing of transitions between stages of alcohol use and of initiation of alcohol relative to marijuana use; (2) examine differences by race in factors that contribute to early trauma and parental monitoring as well as the subsequent influence of these early environmental factors on alcohol outcomes; and (3) explore sources of variability in the contribution of early trauma and parental monitoring to the progression of alcohol use (e.g., interaction of early trauma with genetic liability to AUDs). Findings will lead to improvements in assessment of risk and protective factors for early and problem drinking in AA and White young women and guide culturally appropriate prevention efforts.