Predicting Suicide Risk in Sexual Minority and Nonminority Youth: Associations Among Neural Sensitivity to Social Rejection, Peer Rejection, and Suicidality

 描述(由申请者提供)：有必要进行研究，以帮助更好地预测青少年的自杀风险并预防自杀。自杀率是自杀的强烈预测因素，与男孩相比，青春期女孩的自杀率更高，在性少数女孩(支持同性浪漫吸引力、行为或身份的女孩)中自杀率最高。这项研究在性少数族裔和非少数族裔青春期女孩样本中测试了一种创新的自杀风险模型，该模型整合了神经行为和人际关系的脆弱性。具体地说，该模型假设，神经对社会拒绝的敏感性，当发生在同伴拒绝的情况下，会增加自杀的风险。这项建议建议K01将候选人先前在抑郁症人际风险和发展精神病理学方面的培训与情感神经科学和自杀风险方面的新培训联系起来。这一培训将使应试者在研究负价系统的发展方面具有独特的地位，重点是对社会拒绝的情感敏感性，以及与自杀行为的联系。因此，这项拟议的研究将是一个更大的研究计划中的第一个，该计划将有助于NIMH研究的优先事项，如战略目标2，通过调查生物和社会/环境因素的个体差异如何促进不同人群自杀风险的发展的异质性。具体地说，候选人计划在拟议的研究之后进行更大规模的纵向研究，使用多种方法和对青少年发育期自杀的神经行为和人际易感性的反复评估来检查1)潜在的对社交拒绝的情感敏感性的疼痛相关神经回路如何与自杀风险相关，以及2)可能的人际因素(例如，人际拒绝)。 在社会背景下，随着时间的推移，有助于并加强对社会排斥的敏感性 以及青春期的变化。候选人还将研究解释性少数族裔青年自杀风险上升的病因学模型。这一研究计划有望通过提高预测弱势青年自杀风险的能力，并确定在最佳发展窗口期间进行干预的目标，来推动这一领域的发展。为了实现这些职业目标，应聘者将接受发展情感神经科学、神经成像方法以及青春期自杀风险发展理论和研究的培训，包括性少数族裔青年。她在最理想的科学培训环境中拥有一支理想的导师团队，为她提供必要的培训，以实现她的职业目标。詹妮弗·西尔克博士是一位研究从童年到青春期的社交情绪发展过程的专家。玛丽·菲利普斯博士在情感神经科学和功能磁共振方法以及情绪反应和调节的神经基础方面拥有丰富的专业知识。迈克尔·马歇尔博士提供了关于性少数群体和非少数群体青年之间自杀差异的专业知识。来自顾问的额外指导和支持将提供以下方面的培训：疼痛神经回路在社交拒绝情感体验中的作用(即“社交疼痛”，Naomi Eisenberger博士)、青少年自杀风险的发展(David Brent博士)以及评估自杀风险的新方法(Matt Nock博士)。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a need for research that can help better predict risk and prevent suicide among adolescent youth. Rates of suicidality, a strong predictor of suicide, are higher among adolescent girls compared to boys, and highest among sexual minority girls (girls who endorse same-sex romantic attraction, behavior or identity). This study tests an innovative model of suicide risk in a sample of sexual minority and nonminority adolescent girls that integrates neurobehavioral and interpersonal vulnerabilities. Specifically, the model posits that neural sensitivity to social rejection, when occurring in the presence of peer rejection, increases risk for suicide. This proposed K01 bridges the candidate's prior training in interpersonal risk for depression and developmental psychopathology, with new training in affective neuroscience and suicide risk. This training will uniquely position the candidate to investigate the development of negative valence systems, with an emphasis on affective sensitivity to social rejection, and associations with suicidality. Thus, the proposed study will be the first in a larger program of research that will contribute to NIMH research priorities, such as Strategic Objective 2, by investigating how individual differences in biologic and social/environmental factors contribute to heterogeneity in the development of suicide risk in diverse populations. Specifically, the candidate plans to follow the proposed study with larger longitudinal studies using multiple methods and repeated assessments of neurobehavioral and interpersonal vulnerability for suicide during the adolescent developmental period to examine 1) how pain related neural circuitry underlying affective sensitivity to social rejection may be associated with suicide risk, and 2) interpersonal factors (e.g., interpersonal rejection) that may contribute to and strengthen sensitivity to social rejection over time within the context of social and pubertal changes in adolescence. The candidate will also be positioned to investigate etiological models explaining elevated suicide risk among sexual minority youth. This program of research is expected to advance the field by improving the ability to predict risk for suicide among vulnerable youth, and to identify targets for intervention during optimal developmental windows. To achieve these career objectives, the candidate will receive training in developmental affective neuroscience, neuroimaging methods, and theory and research on development of suicide risk in adolescence, including sexual minority youth. She has an ideal mentorship team within an optimal scientific training environment to provide the requisite training for her to meet her career goals. Dr. Jennifer Silk is an expert on development of social-emotional processing from childhood into adolescence. Dr. Mary Phillips has significant expertise in affective neuroscience and fMRI methods, and neural underpinnings of emotional reactivity and regulation. Dr. Michael Marshal provides expertise on suicidality disparities between sexual minority and nonminority youth. Additional mentorship and support from consultants will provide training in the role of pain neural circuitry underlying the affective experience of social rejection (i.e. "social pain", Dr. Naomi Eisenberger), and the development of suicide risk in adolescents (Dr. David Brent) and new methods to assess suicide risk (Dr. Matt Nock).