Functional Architecture of Speech Motor Cortex

言语运动皮层的功能架构

• 批准号: 9205946
• 负责人: Edward Chang
• 金额: $ 109.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9205946
• 关键词: Acoustics; Acute; Address; Affect; Animal Model; Aphasia; Apraxias; Architecture; Area; Articulators; Auditory; Award; Behavior; Behavioral; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain region; Chronic; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication impairment; Communities; Complex; Computer Simulation; Correlation Studies; Data; Dementia; Devices; Dimensions; Disease; Electrodes; Engineering; Ethics; Face; Functional disorder; Gestures; Goals; Human; Image Analysis; Imagery; Implant; Individual; Jaw; Joints; Knowledge; Language; Larynx; Learning; Left; Light; Linguistics; Lip structure; Machine Learning; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Monitor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Mutism; Nature; Nerve Degeneration; Neurobiology; Neurology; Neurosciences; Paralysed; Pattern; Physiology; Play; Population; Population Dynamics; Positioning Attribute; Prefrontal Cortex; Procedures; Production; Property; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Signal Transduction; Site; Social isolation; Speech; Speech Sound; Stroke; Stuttering; System; Technology; Time; Tongue; Trauma; Ultrasonography; United States National Institutes of Health; base; cognitive control; cortex mapping; data sharing; density; experience; implantation; innovation; insight; kinematics; motor control; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neurosurgery; novel; relating to nervous system; relational database; research study; response; sound; spatiotemporal; temporal measurement; tool; trait

PROJECT SUMMARY Speaking is one of the most complex actions that we perform, yet nearly all of us learn do it effortlessly. The ability to communicate through speech is often described as the unique and defining trait of human behavior. Despite its importance, the basic neural mechanisms that govern our ability to speak fluently remain unresolved. This proposal addresses two fundamental questions at the crossroads of linguistics, systems neuroscience, and biomedical engineering: 1) How are the kinematic and acoustic targets of articulation represented in human speech motor cortex?, 2) What are the coordinated patterns of cortical activation that gives rise to fluent, continuous speech?, and 3) How does prefrontal cortex govern the cognitive inhibitory control of speech (e.g. stopping)? Our studies should greatly advance understanding of how the speech motor cortex encodes the precise control of articulation during speech production as well as determine whether this control system can be harnessed for novel rehabilitative strategies. Three potential areas of impact are: Neurobiology of Language, where results will shed light on neurophysiologic mechanisms of speech motor control; Human Neurophysiology, where insight gained may suggest novel methods for machine learning-based analyses of distributed population neural activity; and Translational NeuroEngineering, where utilization of novel cortical recording technologies at unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution and duration. We propose to investigate the functional organization of the speech motor cortex during controlled vowel and syllable productions, but also from natural, continuous speech. Our methods utilizing safe, high-density, large-scale intracranial electrode recordings in humans represent a significant advancement over current noninvasive neuroimaging approaches. To accomplish this, we must innovate new, integrative approaches to speech motor control research. We have assembled a team with significant multi- disciplinary strengths in neurosurgery, neurology, ethics, computational modeling, machine learning, neuroscience, engineering, and linguistics. The most debilitating aspect of profound paralysis due to trauma, stroke, or disease is loss of the ability to speak, which leads to profound social isolation. Our research leverages foundational knowledge gained during research piloted under a NIH New Innovator (DP2) award. We wish to broaden the impact of our research in the neurobiology of speech motor control.

项目摘要 说话是我们所做的最复杂的动作之一，但几乎所有人都毫不费力地学会了。的 通过语言进行交流的能力通常被描述为人类行为的独特和决定性特征。 尽管它很重要，但控制我们流利说话能力的基本神经机制仍然存在 悬而未决这一建议解决了两个基本问题，在语言学的十字路口，系统 神经科学和生物医学工程：1）如何运动学和声学目标的发音 在人类语言运动皮层中的代表性2)大脑皮层的协调模式是什么 激活，从而产生流畅，连续的讲话？以及3）前额叶皮层如何控制 言语的认知抑制控制（例如停止）？我们的研究应该能大大促进 在言语产生过程中，言语运动皮层是如何编码精确控制发音的， 确定这个控制系统是否可以用于新的康复策略。三个潜在 影响的领域是：语言的神经生物学，其结果将揭示神经生理学 语言运动控制机制;人类神经生理学，其中获得的洞察力可能表明新的 分布式群体神经活动的基于机器学习的分析方法;以及 神经工程，在无与伦比的时空利用新的皮层记录技术 分辨率和持续时间。我们打算研究言语运动皮层的功能组织 在受控的元音和音节产生过程中，也可以从自然的连续语音中产生。我们的方法 在人体中使用安全、高密度、大规模的颅内电极记录代表了一个重要的 与目前的非侵入性神经成像方法相比，要做到这一点，我们必须创新， 言语运动控制研究的综合方法。我们组建了一个团队，拥有大量的... 神经外科、神经病学、伦理学、计算建模、机器学习、 神经科学工程学和语言学创伤导致的深度瘫痪最让人虚弱的方面， 中风或疾病是丧失说话能力，导致严重的社会孤立。我们的研究 利用在NIH新创新者（DP 2）奖下进行的试点研究中获得的基础知识。 我们希望扩大我们在言语运动控制的神经生物学研究的影响。