Drug abuse and jobs: racial disparities in labor force participation and outcomes

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目在美国成年人的全国代表性纵向样本中解决问题药物使用（定义为使用频率，滥用和依赖）对劳动力参与和工作相关问题的影响。一个关键目标是调查这些协会中的种族/民族差异。美国药物滥用和精神卫生服务管理局（SAMHSA）的国家结果测量和NIDA临床试验网络都确定就业是需要改进研究和干预的领域。然而，我们对问题药物使用对劳动力参与的人口层面影响的理解仍然存在重大差距，以及这种影响在多大程度上不成比例地由种族/少数民族承担。此外，问题药物使用的恢复是否以及在多大程度上改善了所有工人的就业结果仍有待证明。研究证据表明，种族/少数民族更有可能有更高的失业率和不公平的劳动力市场经历。此外，他们遭受更多的社会后果，例如，当他们误用、滥用或依赖毒品时，更有可能涉及儿童福利或刑事司法系统。然而，尚不清楚问题药物使用的这些不成比例的后果是否延伸或促成了观察到的就业结果中的种族/族裔差异。拟议的研究使用全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查（NESARC）来回答这些问题，NESARC是一项具有全国代表性的家庭调查，抽样了种族/少数民族成年人（n=43,093波，n=34,653波随访）。NESARC收集有关酒精、大麻、兴奋剂、阿片类药物和镇静剂的时间和数量的详细消费信息。具体目标是：1：调查问题药物使用对劳动力参与的影响，确定这种影响在种族/少数民族之间是否不同，并评估从问题药物使用中恢复是否可以减轻这种影响。我们假设问题药物使用将与劳动力参与负相关，黑人、美洲原住民/阿拉斯加原住民和西班牙裔个体将不成比例地受到这些不利影响的影响。我们还假设，从问题药物使用中恢复将与第二波劳动力参与率的提高有关，但少数种族/民族从恢复的积极影响中受益较少。2：在劳动力参与者中，调查吸毒问题对就业结果的影响，并调查种族/民族差异。我们的假设是，问题药物使用将与失业和与工作有关的冲突有关，而种族/少数民族将受到这些影响的不成比例的影响。影响：确定问题药物使用的工作后果中的种族/民族差异的程度是必要的，以指导未来的工作，以发现和解决这些差异背后的机制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project addresses the impact of problem drug use (defined as frequency of use, misuse, and dependence) on labor force participation and job-related problems in a nationally representative longitudinal sample of United States adults. A key objective is to investigate racial/ethnic disparities in these associations. Both the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Outcomes Measure and the NIDA Clinical Trials Network have identified employment as an area in need of improved research and intervention. Yet, important gaps remain in our understanding of the population-level impact of problem drug use on labor force participation and the extent to which this impact is disproportionately shouldered by race/ethnic minorities. Also, it remains to be shown if and how much recovery from problem drug use improves employment outcomes for all workers. Research evidence shows that racial/ethnic minorities are more likely to have higher unemployment rates and unfair labor market experiences. Also, they suffer more social consequences, such as greater likelihood of involvement with the child welfare or criminal justice systems when they misuse, abuse or are dependent on drugs. However, it is unclear whether these disproportionate consequences of problem drug use extend to, or contribute to, the observed racial/ethnic disparities in employment outcomes. The proposed study answers these questions using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative household survey with an oversample of racial/ethnic minority adults (n=43,093 wave 1 and n=34,653 followed up in wave 2). NESARC collects detailed consumption information on timing and quantities of alcohol, marijuana, stimulants, opioids and depressants. The Specific Aims are: 1: To investigate the impact of problem drug use on labor force participation, to determine whether this impact differs among racial/ethnic minorities, and to evaluate whether recovery from problem drug use can mitigate this impact. We hypothesize that problem drug use will be negatively associated with labor force participation and that Black, Native American/Alaskan Native and Hispanic individuals will be disproportionately affected by these adverse effects. We also hypothesize that recovery from problem drug use will be associated with improved labor force participation at wave 2, but racial/ethnic minorities will benefit less from the positive effects of recovery. 2: To investigat, among labor force participants, the impact of problem drug use on employment outcomes and to investigate racial/ethnic disparities. Our hypotheses are that problem drug use will be associated with job loss and job-related conflict, and racial/ethnic minorities will be disproportionately affected by these effects. Impact: Determining the extent of racial/ethnic disparities in the job consequences of problem drug use is necessary to guide future work to uncover and address mechanisms underlying these disparities.