Innate immunity-associated recycling endosome in Arabidopsis and pathogen attack

 描述（由申请人提供）：拟南芥中与先天免疫相关的内体和病原体攻击PI：HE，Sheng Yang; Michigan州立大学项目摘要本研究的长期目标是阐明先天免疫系统的囊泡运输网络以及病原体如何调节该网络以引起感染性疾病。植物和哺乳动物共享功能相似的先天免疫系统，这些系统对于对抗微生物病原体很重要。尽管在过去的二十年里，我们对植物和哺乳动物先天免疫系统的理解取得了许多令人兴奋的进展，但在这两个系统中仍然存在重大的知识差距。先天免疫系统的一个特别不为人知的方面是控制免疫相关受体、信号传导组分和货物的囊泡运输组分。在过去的二十年里，易处理的假单胞菌-假单胞菌致病系统已被用于发现和表征许多先天免疫调节因子，以及调节先天免疫应答的病原体效应物。通过研究细菌效应器HopM 1，主要研究者的实验室发现了MIN 7蛋白，这是一种属于ADP核糖基化因子（ARF）家族的拟南芥鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子（GEF）。MIN 7位于回收质膜蛋白的早期内体中，并且是植物先天免疫的所有主要分支所需的，这表明在先天免疫运输中起关键作用。MIN 7相关内体的鉴定现在提供了一个令人兴奋的切入点，用于全面了解模型真核系统中免疫运输中的特征不佳的再循环内体。在这项研究中，一个综合的方法，涉及分子遗传学，细胞生物学，生物化学和微生物发病机制的方法，将采取了解MIN 7相关的囊泡交通。该项目的具体目标是：1）研究MIN 7蛋白在疾病和免疫过程中的稳定性，2）鉴定和表征免疫相关MIN 7蛋白复合物和MIN 7相关再循环内体的组分，以及3）表征新发现的MIN 7相关局灶免疫区（MAIZs）。阐明MIN 7调节先天免疫运输的机制有可能阐明先天免疫应答的基本原理。增强对宿主先天免疫系统及其被微生物病原体操纵的理解有望为开发人类和植物疾病干预的新方法提供基础知识。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Innate immunity-associated endosomes and pathogen attack in Arabidopsis PI: HE, Sheng Yang; Michigan State University Project summary The long-term goal of this research is to elucidate the vesicle trafficking network of the innate immune system and how pathogens modulate this network to cause infectious diseases. Plants and mammals share functionally analogous innate immune systems that are important for combating microbial pathogens. Despite many exciting advances over the past two decades in our understanding of plant and mammalian innate immune systems, major knowledge gaps remain in both systems. A particularly poorly understood aspect of the innate immune system is the vesicle trafficking component that controls immunity-associated receptors, signaling components, and cargoes. For the past two decades, the tractable Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas syringae pathosystem has been used to discover and characterize many innate immune regulators, as well as pathogen effectors that modulate innate immune responses. By studying the bacterial effector HopM1, the principal investigator's laboratory discovered the MIN7 protein, an Arabidopsis guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) belonging to the ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) family. MIN7 is located in early endosomes that recycle plasma membrane proteins and is required for all major branches of plant innate immunity, suggesting a key role in innate immune traffic. The identification of MIN7-associated endosomes now provides an exciting entry point for gaining a comprehensive understanding of the poorly characterized recycling endosomes in immune traffic in a model eukaryotic system. In this research, an integrative approach, involving methods in molecular genetics, cell biology, biochemistry, and microbial pathogenesis, will be taken to understand MIN7-associated vesicle traffic. The specific goals of this project are: 1) to investigate MIN7 protein stability during disease and immunity, 2) to identify and characterize the components of the immune-associated MIN7 protein complex and MIN7-associated recycling endosomes, and 3) to characterize the newly discovered MIN7-associated focal immune zones (MAIZs). Elucidating the mechanisms by which MIN7 regulates innate immune traffic has the potential to illuminate the fundamental principles underlying innate immune responses. Enhanced understanding of host innate immune systems and their manipulation by microbial pathogens promises to provide fundamental knowledge for the development of novel methods of disease intervention in humans and plants.