Reactions to Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes in Young Adult Low-Frequency Smokers

2009年通过的《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》为FDA提供了监管 如果降低香烟中的尼古丁含量会改善人口健康，当局将采取行动。 越来越多的证据表明，减少香烟中的尼古丁含量可以减少吸烟行为， 成人每日依赖性吸烟者的毒物暴露。然而，这样的研究留下了一个问题， 减少尼古丁对青少年和年轻人吸烟实验的影响， 发展为经常使用和依赖的风险。这是一个重要的问题，因为尼古丁含量， 减少每日吸烟者的烟草使用和依赖可以想象地支持继续 非每日吸烟者的实验和依赖性进展。的首要目标 建议的研究是评估反应，并选择自我管理，香烟烟雾与不同的 以下年龄段的低频率、非依赖性青少年/年轻成年吸烟者的尼古丁含量 18-25岁。建议的样本（n=90）接近个人的年龄和吸烟模式 实验香烟，因此，将提供关键信息的作用，尼古丁含量， 促进和维持持续的实验和使用进展。参与者将经历三次 在这些会议中，他们对来自研究香烟的固定剂量的烟雾的反应， 烟碱含量（15.8 mg/g烟草、2.5 mg/g烟草和0.4 mg/g烟草）。在第三次固定剂量治疗后， 参与者将返回实验室选择其中一支香烟进行自我管理。固定剂量顺序 将对各阶段进行平衡和随机分配;所有测试将以双盲方式进行。我们 假设中等尼古丁含量香烟比非常低尼古丁含量香烟产生更大的阳性反应 尼古丁含量的香烟和较少的负面反应比正常尼古丁含量的香烟。参与者将 选择自己管理中等含量的香烟。该研究将提供 评估香烟烟雾中产生与疾病进展相关的反应的尼古丁含量 从最初的吸烟到尼古丁依赖，在一个样本中， 香烟使用具体地说，观察到减少吸烟的尼古丁含量水平（2.4 mg/g）， 依赖性，每日吸烟者，导致反应和选择，与进展到定期 吸烟和依赖，可以在建立新的卷烟产品标准的重大影响。

Passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act in 2009 provides the FDA with regulatory authority to reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes if doing so will result in improved population health. Accumulating evidence suggests that reducing nicotine content in cigarettes reduces smoking behavior and toxicant exposure among adult daily, dependent smokers. However, such research leaves open the question of the effects of nicotine reduction on experimentation with cigarettes among adolescents and young adults at risk for progression to regular use and dependence. This is an important question since a nicotine content that reduces tobacco use and dependence among daily smokers could conceivably support continued experimentation and progression to dependence among non-daily smokers. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to evaluate reactions to, and choices to self-administer, cigarette smoke with varying nicotine content among low-frequency, non-dependent adolescent/young adult smokers between the ages of 18-25 yrs. The proposed sample (n=90) approximates the age and smoking patterns of individuals experimenting with cigarettes and as such, will provide critical information about the role of nicotine content in promoting and sustaining continued experimentation and progression to use. Participants will undergo three sessions in which their reactions to fixed doses of smoke from investigational cigarettes with three different nicotine contents (15.8 mg/gram of tobacco, 2.5 mg/g, and .4 mg/g). Following the third fixed-dose session, participants will return to the lab to choose one of the cigarettes to self-administer. Order of the fixed-dose sessions will be counterbalanced and randomly assigned; all tests will be conducted double-blind. We hypothesize that intermediate nicotine content cigarettes will produce greater positive reactions than very low nicotine content cigarettes and less negative reactions than normal nicotine content cigarettes. Participants will choose to self-administer intermediate content cigarettes over the others. The proposed research will provide an evaluation of the amount of nicotine in cigarette smoke that produces reactions associated with progression from initial smoking to nicotine dependence in a sample representative of individuals experimenting with cigarette use. Specifically, observing that a nicotine content level (2.4 mg/g) that reduces smoking among dependent, daily smokers, results in reactions and choices that are associated with progression to regular smoking and dependence, can have a significant impact in establishing new cigarette product standards.