Reactions to Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes in Young Adult Low-Frequency Smokers

2009年通过的《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》为FDA提供了监管 如果减少香烟中的尼古丁含量将改善人口健康，则有权这样做。 越来越多的证据表明，减少香烟中的尼古丁含量可以减少吸烟行为和 成人每日吸烟者中的毒物暴露。然而，这样的研究留下了一个悬而未决的问题 减少尼古丁对青少年和年轻人吸烟试验的影响 进展为常规使用和依赖的风险。这是一个重要的问题，因为尼古丁含量 减少日常吸烟者的烟草使用和依赖可以想见地支持继续 非每日吸烟者的实验和成瘾进展。的首要目标是 拟议的研究是评估对香烟烟雾的反应和自我管理的选择，通过不同的 以下年龄段低频率、非依赖型青少年/青年吸烟者的尼古丁含量 18-25岁。建议的样本(n=90)接近于个人的年龄和吸烟模式。 用香烟做实验，因此，将提供关于尼古丁含量在 促进和维持持续的试验和使用进展。参与者将经历三次 他们对来自三种不同调查香烟的固定剂量烟雾的反应 尼古丁含量(15.8 mg/g烟草、2.5 mg/g烟草和0.4 mg/g烟草)。在第三次固定剂量治疗后， 参与者将返回实验室，从其中一支香烟中选择一支自行管理。固定剂量的顺序 课程将被平衡和随机分配；所有测试将双盲进行。我们 假设中等尼古丁含量的香烟比非常低的香烟产生更大的积极反应 尼古丁含量香烟和比正常尼古丁含量香烟更少的不良反应。参与者将 选择自行管理中等含量香烟，而不是其他香烟。拟议的研究将提供 对香烟烟雾中产生与进展相关的反应的尼古丁量的评估 从最初的吸烟到尼古丁依赖在代表个体实验的样本中 香烟的使用。具体地说，观察到减少吸烟的尼古丁含量水平(2.4毫克/克) 依赖的，每日吸烟者，导致反应和选择与进展到正常 吸烟和依赖，可以对建立新的卷烟产品标准产生重大影响。

Passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act in 2009 provides the FDA with regulatory authority to reduce the nicotine content of cigarettes if doing so will result in improved population health. Accumulating evidence suggests that reducing nicotine content in cigarettes reduces smoking behavior and toxicant exposure among adult daily, dependent smokers. However, such research leaves open the question of the effects of nicotine reduction on experimentation with cigarettes among adolescents and young adults at risk for progression to regular use and dependence. This is an important question since a nicotine content that reduces tobacco use and dependence among daily smokers could conceivably support continued experimentation and progression to dependence among non-daily smokers. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to evaluate reactions to, and choices to self-administer, cigarette smoke with varying nicotine content among low-frequency, non-dependent adolescent/young adult smokers between the ages of 18-25 yrs. The proposed sample (n=90) approximates the age and smoking patterns of individuals experimenting with cigarettes and as such, will provide critical information about the role of nicotine content in promoting and sustaining continued experimentation and progression to use. Participants will undergo three sessions in which their reactions to fixed doses of smoke from investigational cigarettes with three different nicotine contents (15.8 mg/gram of tobacco, 2.5 mg/g, and .4 mg/g). Following the third fixed-dose session, participants will return to the lab to choose one of the cigarettes to self-administer. Order of the fixed-dose sessions will be counterbalanced and randomly assigned; all tests will be conducted double-blind. We hypothesize that intermediate nicotine content cigarettes will produce greater positive reactions than very low nicotine content cigarettes and less negative reactions than normal nicotine content cigarettes. Participants will choose to self-administer intermediate content cigarettes over the others. The proposed research will provide an evaluation of the amount of nicotine in cigarette smoke that produces reactions associated with progression from initial smoking to nicotine dependence in a sample representative of individuals experimenting with cigarette use. Specifically, observing that a nicotine content level (2.4 mg/g) that reduces smoking among dependent, daily smokers, results in reactions and choices that are associated with progression to regular smoking and dependence, can have a significant impact in establishing new cigarette product standards.