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Transposons, RNA Interference and Heterochromatin

转座子、RNA 干扰和异染色质

基本信息

批准号：
9129683
负责人：
ROBERT A MARTIENSSEN
金额：
$ 36.86万
依托单位：
COLD SPRING HARBOR LABORATORY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2003-08-01 至 2017-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9129683
关键词：
Animals Biogenesis Cell Cycle Cell Nucleus Cells Cereals Chromatin Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Companions Cues DNA DNA Methylation DNA Modification Methylases DNA Transposable Elements DNA glycosylase Deposition Development Embryo Environmental Risk Factor Epigenetic Process Fertilization Gene Expression Generations Genes Genome Germ Cells Germ Lines Health Heterochromatin Histone H3 Histones Homologous Gene Human Lead Lysine Mammals Meiosis Methylation MicroRNAs Mitotic Modification Mus Nurses Plants Play Pollen Post-Translational Protein Processing Protamines RNA RNA Interference Resistance Role Signal Transduction Small Interfering RNA Small RNA Somatic Cell Structure of primordial sex cell Supporting Cell System Testing Transport Process Tumor Suppressor Genes Variant Vertebrates cancer genome chromatin remodeling demethylation histone modification imprint male methylome mutant next generation pluripotency single cell analysis sperm cell transmission process zygote

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The germlines of plants and animals undergo genome reprogramming in order to reset epigenetic marks that would otherwise interfere with pluripotency of the zygote. Perhaps chief among these marks are epigenetic modifications of transposable elements (TE), which make up a majority of most eukaryotic genomes. We have found that small interfering RNA derived from heterochromatin plays a key role in germline reprogramming in plants, and there is mounting evidence for a similar phenomenon in animals. Germ cells in plants differentiate from the products of meiosis by mitotic division, along with companion cells that resemble nurse cells and other support cells in animals. We have found that reprogramming of the pollen grain companion cell nucleus (the vegetative nucleus or VN) results in transposon activation, and that a new class of "epigenetically activated" small interfering RNA (easiRNA) accumulate in sperm cells, that have the potential to silence these same transposons. We have recently found that genome reprogramming depends on DNA methylation, but also on the deposition and modification of specific histone variants, that is likey the result of cell cycle dependent chromatin remodeling. Epigenetic inheritance is far more widespread in plants than in mammals, although the mechanisms are largely conserved, so that plants provide an excellent system to study their origin. We will investigate the mechanism of germline reprogramming in plants, and the transgenerational consequences when reprogramming goes awry.

描述（由申请人提供）：植物和动物的生殖系经历基因组重编程，以重置表观遗传标记，否则表观遗传标记会干扰合子的多能性。这些标记中最主要的可能是转座因子（TE）的表观遗传修饰，它构成了大多数真核生物基因组的大部分。我们已经发现，来自异染色质的小干扰RNA在植物的生殖细胞重编程中起着关键作用，并且有越来越多的证据表明在动物中存在类似的现象。植物中的生殖细胞通过有丝分裂从减数分裂的产物中分化出来，沿着的是类似于动物中的滋养细胞和其他支持细胞的伴随细胞。我们已经发现，花粉粒伴胞核（营养核或VN）的重编程导致转座子激活，并且一类新的“表观遗传激活”小干扰RNA（siRNA）在精子细胞中积累，具有沉默这些相同转座子的潜力。近年来，我们发现基因组重编程不仅依赖于DNA甲基化，而且依赖于特定组蛋白变体的沉积和修饰，这类似于细胞周期依赖的染色质重塑的结果。表观遗传在植物中比在哺乳动物中广泛得多，尽管其机制在很大程度上是保守的，因此植物提供了一个研究其起源的极好系统。我们将研究植物生殖细胞重编程的机制，以及当重编程出错时的跨代后果。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（53）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Differential sRNA regulation in leaves and roots of sugarcane under water depletion.

DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0093822
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
PloS one
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Thiebaut F;Grativol C;Tanurdzic M;Carnavale-Bottino M;Vieira T;Motta MR;Rojas C;Vincentini R;Chabregas SM;Hemerly AS;Martienssen RA;Ferreira PC
通讯作者：
Ferreira PC

Tie-Break: Host and Retrotransposons Play tRNA.

DOI：
10.1016/j.tcb.2018.05.006
发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
Trends in cell biology
影响因子：
19
作者：
Schorn AJ;Martienssen R
通讯作者：
Martienssen R

Computational identification and analysis of novel sugarcane microRNAs.

DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-13-290
发表时间：
2012-07-02
期刊：
BMC genomics
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Thiebaut F;Grativol C;Carnavale-Bottino M;Rojas CA;Tanurdzic M;Farinelli L;Martienssen RA;Hemerly AS;Ferreira PC
通讯作者：
Ferreira PC

RNA polymerase II is required for RNAi-dependent heterochromatin assembly