Neural Encoding of Errors in the Cerebellum

小脑错误的神经编码

• 批准号: 9172205
• 负责人: Martha L Streng
• 金额: $ 2.65万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-30 至 2017-08-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9172205
• 关键词: Animals; Cerebellar Diseases; Cerebellar Nuclei; Cerebellar cortex structure; Cerebellum; Complex; Dentate nucleus; Electrophysiology (science); Failure; Feedback; Frequencies; Goals; Investigation; Lead; Light; Macaca mulatta; Maintenance; Memory; Modeling; Monitor; Motor; Movement; Nature; Neurons; Nuclear; Output; Performance; Population; Process; Purkinje Cells; Research; Research Proposals; Retrieval; Role; Scientist; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Staging; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; cognitive function; executive function; expectation; experience; experimental analysis; improved; kinematics; memory encoding; motor control; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; sensory feedback; signal processing; success; theories; visual feedback

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Effective motor control requires continuous monitoring and correction of errors. While it was originally postulated that errors are corrected using sensory feedback, the inherent delays render control inadequate and unstable. One solution is that the CNS implements a forward internal model (FIM) that predicts the sensory consequences of motor commands. The predictions are then compared to the actual sensory consequences, generating sensory prediction errors (SPEs) used to improve subsequent predictions. Extensive research suggests that the cerebellum serves as a FIM, but the mechanisms by which SPEs are encoded are unknown. The overall goal of this proposal is to understand the mechanisms of error encoding by the primary output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje cells (PCs), as well as their projection targets in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). While the dominant hypothesis is that errors are encoded by the low frequency PC complex spike (CS) discharge, results from our lab have implicated simple spike (SS) discharge in the processing of both prediction and feedback of performance error signals. Many PCs have this dual representation for both kinematics and performance errors, and the prediction and feedback signals have opposing effects on the SS, consistent with an SPE. Further, SS discharge related to performance errors is represented across a range of time scales (-2000 to 2000 ms), suggesting a potential relevance to working memory The first aim of this proposal seeks to investigate the nature of the dual encoding by observing how disrupting sensory information pertinent to motor error prediction and feedback modulates PC and DCN activity in order to test the hypothesis that the encoding represents the predictive and feedback components of an SPE. The second aim of this proposal seeks to investigate the role of SS discharge in encoding motor memories. A new tracking paradigm will be utilized requiring the encoding, maintenance, and retrieval of a simplified trajectory. The hypothesis is that aspects of the trajectory will be encoded by the SS discharge during each of the three stages of the paradigm. The results of this proposal will shed light on the cellular mechanisms behind error processing in the cerebellum relevant to both online motor control as well as motor memory.

 描述（由申请人提供）：有效的电机控制需要持续监控和纠正错误。虽然最初假设使用感觉反馈来纠正错误，但固有的延迟导致控制不充分且不稳定。一种解决方案是中枢神经系统实施前向内部模型（FIM）来预测运动命令的感官后果。然后将预测与实际的感官结果进行比较，生成感官预测误差（SPE），用于改进后续预测。大量研究表明小脑充当 FIM，但 SPE 的编码机制尚不清楚。该提案的总体目标是了解小脑皮质的初级输出神经元、浦肯野细胞（PC）及其在小脑深部核团（DCN）中的投射目标的错误编码机制。虽然主要假设是错误是由低频 PC 复杂尖峰 (CS) 放电编码的，但我们实验室的结果表明，性能误差信号的预测和反馈处理中都涉及简单尖峰 (SS) 放电。许多 PC 对运动学和性能误差都有这种双重表示，并且预测和反馈信号对 SS 具有相反的影响，与 SPE 一致。此外，与表现错误相关的 SS 放电在一系列时间尺度（-2000 至 2000 毫秒）内呈现，表明与工作记忆存在潜在相关性。该提案的第一个目的是通过观察与运动错误预测和反馈相关的扰乱感觉信息如何调节 PC 和 DCN 活动来研究双重编码的本质，以便测试编码代表了预测和反馈成分的假设。 固相萃取。该提案的第二个目标是研究 SS 放电在编码运动记忆中的作用。将使用新的跟踪范例，要求对简化的轨迹进行编码、维护和检索。假设在该范式的三个阶段中的每一个阶段，轨迹的各个方面都将由 SS 放电进行编码。该提案的结果将揭示小脑中与在线运动控制和运动记忆相关的错误处理背后的细胞机制。