Elucidate the Mechanisms Underlying Inhibition Induced Devaluation

阐明抑制导致贬值的潜在机制

• 批准号: 9121836
• 负责人: Patrick Graham Bissett
• 金额: $ 5.64万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9121836
• 关键词: Address; Alcohol abuse; Alcoholic Beverages; Alcohols; Area; Basal Ganglia; Behavioral; Biological Neural Networks; Data; Decision Making; Drug abuse; Eating; Family; Food; Foundations; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Gambling; Goals; Individual; Intake; Intervention; Joints; Literature; Manufactured Baseball; Maps; Medial; Mentors; Methods; Prefrontal Cortex; Proactive Inhibition; Probability; Problem behavior; Procedures; Process; Public Health; Reactive Inhibition; Recruitment Activity; Research Training; Rest; Signal Transduction; Staging; Stimulus; Supervision; Techniques; Testing; Training; Variant; Water; Work; base; behavior change; behavior test; behavioral response; cognitive task; experience; improved; interest; neuroimaging; professor; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; restraint; sound

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research training plan will integrate behavioral and neuroimaging techniques to elucidate the mechanisms underlying inhibition induced devaluation (IID). IID involves withholding a response in the context of specific stimuli, which reduces the value of the stimuli and even results in a subject being less willing to choose or use those stimuli in the future. IID holds great promise for improving public health, because a variety of public health problems, including unhealthy eating, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and problem gambling, can be distilled to the inability to control the use of something of inherent or perceived value. The promise of IID is that by devaluing a stimulus by associating it with inhibition, an individual will be able to more effectively control their urge to use the valuable bt dangerous substance, facilitating better, healthier choices. Existing work has shown that IID can devalue various stimuli and can result in a subject choosing the devalued stimuli less often, but the current state of IID literature is a smattering of empirical findings with little explanations f the mechanisms that drive IID. This research training plan aims to take the essential step in uncovering the necessary and sufficient inhibitory mechanisms that drive IID as well as the most efficacious procedure to drive IID. Aim 1 uses behavioral testing to explore inhibition-related mechanisms, revealing which aspects of inhibition-related processing drive devaluation. IID may seem to rest on sound theoretical ground, but the concept of inhibition is heterogeneous and is often treated as a family of related but distinguishable inhibition- related processes. Aim 1 carves inhibition-related processes at four fundamental joints, determining whether IID is driven by restraint versus cancellation, consistent versus varied mapping between stimuli and inhibition, proactive versus reactive inhibition, and attempted versus completed inhibition. The most efficacious procedure identified in Aim 1 for IID will be used in Aim 2. Aim 2 will be the firt study to leverage the existing inhibition and value-based decision making literatures to elucidate the neural networks underlying IID. Inhibition recruits a fronto-basal ganglia network and value-based decision making recruits frontal nodes including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex. Aim 2 proposes to answer when and how inhibition drives devaluation by examining which nodes and networks in these well-described networks can be decoded to predict the degree of behavioral devaluation. Under the supervision of Dr. Russell Poldrack, a foremost neuroimaging expert, the applicant will train on new neuroimaging methods necessary for Aim 2. The promise of this research training plan for advancing public health is in providing a mechanistic explanation for IID. This work aims to establish the theoretical foundation necessary to predict how to best use IID as an intervention for reducing problem behaviors that diminish public health.

 描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究培训计划将整合行为和神经成像技术，以阐明抑制诱导贬值（IID）的潜在机制。IID涉及在特定刺激的背景下抑制反应，这降低了刺激的价值，甚至导致受试者将来不太愿意选择或使用这些刺激。IID对改善公共卫生有很大的希望，因为各种公共卫生问题，包括不健康的饮食，药物滥用，酒精滥用和问题赌博，可以归结为无法控制固有或感知价值的东西的使用。IID的承诺是，通过将刺激与抑制相关联来贬低刺激，个人将能够更有效地控制他们使用有价值的危险物质的冲动，促进更好，更健康的选择。现有的工作表明，IID可以贬值各种刺激，并可能导致受试者选择贬值的刺激不太频繁，但目前的状态IID文献是一个一知半解的实证研究结果，很少解释的机制，驱动IID。本研究培训计划旨在采取必要的步骤，揭示驱动IID的必要和充分的抑制机制以及驱动IID的最有效程序。目的1使用行为测试来探索抑制相关的机制，揭示抑制相关的处理驱动贬值的方面。IID似乎有着坚实的理论基础，但抑制的概念是异质的，通常被视为一系列相关但可区分的抑制相关过程。目标1雕刻抑制相关的过程中，在四个基本的关节，确定IID是否是由约束与取消，一致与不同的映射之间的刺激和抑制，主动与反应性抑制，并尝试与完成抑制。目标1中确定的IID最有效的程序将用于目标2。目的2将是第一个研究，利用现有的抑制和基于价值的决策文献，阐明IID背后的神经网络。抑制会激活额-基底神经节网络，而基于价值的决策则会激活包括腹内侧前额叶皮层和眶额皮层在内的额叶节点。目的2提出回答何时以及如何抑制驱动贬值通过检查哪些节点和网络在这些良好的描述网络可以解码，以预测行为贬值的程度。在最重要的神经影像学专家Russell Poldrack博士的监督下，申请人将接受Aim 2所需的新神经影像学方法的培训。这项研究培训计划对促进公共卫生的承诺是提供一个 对IID的机械解释。这项工作的目的是建立必要的理论基础，以预测如何最好地使用IID作为减少问题行为，减少公共健康的干预。