Who's Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise? Personality and Life Outcomes in Older Adults

谁健康、富有、聪明？

• 批准号: 8985602
• 负责人: Eli Tsukayama
• 金额: $ 6.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8985602
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age; Aging; Complex; Couples; Data; Data Set; Development; Economics; Educational workshop; Elderly; Failure; Gerontology; Goals; Health; Health Psychology; Health Resources; Household; Husband; Impaired cognition; Income; Individual; Individual Differences; Investigation; Knowledge; Learning; Life; Longevity; Measures; Mental Health; Methods; Modeling; Multivariate Analysis; Outcome; Personal Satisfaction; Personality; Personality Traits; Physical Function; Preventive Intervention; Principal Investigator; Public Health; Public Policy; Research; Resources; Retirement; Review Literature; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schools; Social Network; Societies; Spouses; Statistical Methods; Statistical Models; Time; Training; United States; Wife; age related; aging population; authority; cognitive ability; experience; hands-on learning; interest; introvert; meetings; peer; physical conditioning; public health relevance; skills; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Old age brings numerous challenges. Three in particular are especially important for independence and well-being: dealing with cognitive decline, maintaining adequate financial resources, and preserving physical functioning and health. All three are crucial for individual functioning and failure to meet these challenges place a severe burden on society. Given the aging population in the United States, it is imperative to identify risk and protective factors (e.g., personality traits) for these life outcomes in older adlts. The overarching goal of the proposed project is to investigate the role of personality in predicting consequential life outcomes in a nationally-representative sample of older adults. Extant research generally uses non-representative samples and/or tends to focus on outcomes at a single time point, which limits our understanding of how life outcomes change over time. [A dynamic, longitudinal approach allows more complex and interesting questions to be addressed. The proposed investigation will use a large nationally-representative dataset to examine personality (the Big Five personality traits) and its relation to dynamic trajectories of three ses of key outcomes: husbands' and wives' cognitive ability (Specific Aim 1)~ household income, wealth, and spending (Specific Aim 2)~ and individuals' physical health, physical functioning, and mental health (Specific Aim 3).] These analyses will assess three types of questions: (1) Does personality predict the levels of, and changes in, these outcomes? (2) How do related dynamic outcomes affect each other? (e.g., does one spouse's cognitive ability predict changes in the other's over time?) (3) How might personality moderate the dynamic outcomes' effects on each other? (e.g., are more introverted individuals, who might not have extensive social networks, more susceptible to changes in their spouse's cognitive ability?). To develop expertise on lifespan research, the applicant requires experience conducting research with adults and modeling longitudinal lifespan data. The sponsor, Dr. Jack McArdle, is an authority on age-sensitive methods to model longitudinal data, co-director of the Health and Retirement Study, and an expert in adult cognitive ability. The Davis School of Gerontology would provide opportunities for collaborative research as well as advanced coursework, colloquia, and workshops on adult aging and development. Because of the intricacies in health psychology, Dr. Howard Friedman (Co-Sponsor)-an expert in personality, health psychology, and lifespan research-will direct a literature review of personality and health, and collaborate on the personality and health project. Collectively, Dr. McArdle's and Dr. Friedman's expertise along with the opportunities available through the Davis School of Gerontology provide the applicant with the necessary resources to accomplish the long-term goals of (1) developing expertise in adult aging and development, (2) learning and developing cutting-edge methodological approaches to model lifespan data, and (3) preparing to serve as an independent principal investigator examining how personality determines life outcomes.

描述（由申请人提供）：老年带来了许多挑战。其中有三点对独立和幸福尤为重要：应对认知能力下降，保持足够的财政资源，保持身体功能和健康。所有这三个方面对个人的运作都至关重要，如果不能应对这些挑战，就会给社会带来严重负担。鉴于美国人口老龄化，必须确定风险和保护因素（例如，人格特质）对老年人生活结果的影响。 该项目的总体目标是调查人格在预测具有全国代表性的老年人样本中相应的生活结果中的作用。现存的研究通常使用非代表性样本和/或倾向于关注单一时间点的结果，这限制了我们对生活结果如何随时间变化的理解。[动态的纵向方法可以解决更复杂和有趣的问题。拟议的调查将使用一个具有全国代表性的大型数据集来检查人格（大五人格特质）及其与三个关键结果的动态轨迹的关系：丈夫和妻子的认知能力（具体目标1）-家庭收入，财富和支出（具体目标2）-以及个人的身体健康，身体功能和心理健康（具体目标3）。这些分析将评估三种类型的问题：（1）性格是否预测这些结果的水平和变化？(2)相关的动态结果如何相互影响？(e.g.,配偶一方的认知能力是否能预测另一方的认知能力随时间的变化？）(3)性格如何调节动态结果对彼此的影响？(e.g.,是不是更内向的人，可能没有广泛的社交网络，更容易受到配偶认知能力变化的影响？ 为了发展寿命研究方面的专业知识，申请人需要具有对成年人进行研究和建模纵向寿命数据的经验。研究发起人Jack McArdle博士是年龄敏感方法建模纵向数据的权威，健康与退休研究的联合主任，也是成人认知能力方面的专家。老年学的戴维斯学院将提供合作研究的机会，以及先进的课程，座谈会，并在成人老龄化和发展研讨会。由于健康心理学的复杂性，霍华德弗里德曼博士（共同赞助商）-在人格，健康心理学和寿命研究的专家-将指导人格和健康的文献综述，并在人格和健康项目合作。总体而言，McArdle博士和Friedman博士的专业知识沿着戴维斯老年学学院提供的机会，为申请人提供必要的资源，以实现以下长期目标：（1）发展成人衰老和发育方面的专业知识，（2）学习和开发尖端的方法学方法来建模寿命数据，以及（3）准备作为一名独立的主要研究者，研究个性如何决定生活结果。