Across-Site Patterns of Cochlear Implant Function: Importance of Cochlear Health

人工耳蜗功能的跨部位模式：耳蜗健康的重要性

• 批准号: 9210756
• 负责人: BRYAN E PFINGST
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-05 至 2017-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9210756
• 关键词: Affect; Animal Model; Animals; Auricular prosthesis; Bilateral; Biological; Biology; Cavia; Characteristics; Clinical; Cochlea; Cochlear Implants; Communication; Data; Detection; Dexamethasone; Ear; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Growth; Health; Hearing; Hearing Impaired Persons; Human; Implant; Implanted Electrodes; Individual; Measurement; Measures; Modiolus; Neurons; Pathology; Patients; Pattern; Performance; Peripheral; Physiologic pulse; Procedures; Process; Prosthesis; Psychophysics; Rehabilitation therapy; Research; Residual state; Role; Scala Tympani; Series; Site; Speech; Stimulus; Surgeon; Testing; Time; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Preservation; Training; Variant; Work; animal data; base; clinical Diagnosis; clinically relevant; density; experience; human subject; implantation; improved; individual patient; insight; myelination; relating to nervous system; research study; response; speech recognition; spiral ganglion; tool

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objectives of our research are (1) to determine how the health of the implanted cochlea, i.e. the biological conditions near the individual cochlear-implant electrodes, affects specific psychophysical and electrophysiological measures of electrical hearing; (2) to determine the relationships of these specific measures to speech recognition with the cochlear prosthesis; and (3) to use this information to increase the benefit that hearing impaired patients receive from their prostheses. The data from these studies can be used in two ways to improve speech recognition in cochlear implant users. First, based on animal work that will correlate the pattern of pathology with functional measures, we will provide audiologists with simple clinically applicable measures they can use to gain insight into the characteristics of the individual patient's cochlea and better identify and select the best stimulation sites for an individual patient's speech processor MAP. Second the data can help the biologist and the surgeon to determine the best anatomical targets for improving implant function through tissue-preservation and tissue-engineering strategies to make the impaired cochlea more receptive to cochlear implant stimulation. Our approach involves psychophysical and electrophysiological experiments in guinea pigs as well as psychophysical, electrophysiological and speech recognition studies in humans. We measure psychophysical performance, such as perceptual integration of pulse trains, and electrophysiological performance such as the rate at which evoked neural responses grow as a function of stimulus level. These measurements are made at individual stimulation sites in guinea pigs and humans. In guinea pigs we determine the specific anatomical features in the deaf or hearing-impaired cochlea that are correlated with these measures. In humans we determine the correlation of these same measures with speech recognition in quiet and in noisy backgrounds. We can then use these measures in humans to select the best stimulation sites for an individual subject's speech processor. This approach is supported by our previous studies showing that subjects usually perform better using a processor MAP with a subset of stimulation sites, carefully selected using appropriate functional measures, than they do with a processor that uses all available sites. The work proposed in this application will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying variation in speech recognition performance across users of cochlear implants and serve as a guide for establishing and testing clinical procedures that will improve performance in individual patients.

 描述（由申请人提供）：我们研究的目标是（1）确定植入耳蜗的健康状况，即单个耳蜗植入电极附近的生物条件，如何影响电听力的特定心理物理和电生理测量； (2) 确定这些具体措施与人工耳蜗语音识别的关系； (3) 利用这些信息来增加听力受损患者从假肢中获得的益处。这些研究的数据可以通过两种方式用于改善人工耳蜗用户的语音识别能力。首先，基于将病理模式与功能测量相关联的动物工作，我们将为听力学家提供简单的临床适用测量，他们可以使用它们来深入了解个体患者耳蜗的特征，并更好地识别和选择个体患者语音处理器 MAP 的最佳刺激部位。其次，这些数据可以帮助生物学家和外科医生确定最佳的解剖目标，通过组织保存和组织工程策略改善植入物功能，使受损的耳蜗更容易接受人工耳蜗刺激。我们的方法涉及豚鼠的心理物理学和电生理学实验以及人类的心理物理学、电生理学和语音识别研究。我们测量心理物理性能，例如脉冲序列的感知整合，以及电生理性能，例如诱发神经反应随刺激水平而增长的速率。这些测量是在豚鼠和人类的各个刺激部位进行的。在豚鼠中，我们确定了聋哑或听力受损的耳蜗中与这些测量相关的具体解剖特征。在人类中，我们确定这些相同的测量与安静和嘈杂背景下的语音识别的相关性。然后，我们可以在人类身上使用这些措施，为个体受试者的语音处理器选择最佳刺激位点。这种方法得到了我们之前的研究的支持，研究表明，与使用所有可用位点的处理器相比，受试者使用具有刺激位点子集（使用适当的功能测量精心选择）的处理器 MAP 通常表现更好。本申请中提出的工作将加深我们对人工耳蜗用户语音识别性能差异机制的理解，并作为建立和测试临床程序的指南，以提高个体患者的性能。