Functionally Important Features of the Electrically Stimulated Cochlea

电刺激耳蜗的重要功能特征

基本信息

批准号：
10059243
负责人：
BRYAN E PFINGST
金额：
$ 54.36万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-12-01 至 2022-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10059243
关键词：
Address Affect Amaze Anatomy Animals Auditory Prosthesis Biological Biological Testing Biology Biomedical Engineering Cavia Clinical Cochlea Cochlear Hearing Loss Cochlear Implants Communication Data Ear Electric Stimulation Electrodes Electrophysiology (science)Engineering Health Hearing Histologic Human Impairment Implant Implantation procedure Implanted Electrodes Individual Lateral Location Measurement Measures Medial Methods Modiolus Monitor Nerve Neurons Noise Operative Surgical Procedures Outcome Pathology Patients Pattern Performance Phase Physiologic pulse Physiological Positioning Attribute Procedures Property Prosthesis Psychophysics Quality of life Recovery of Function Research Role Scala Tympani Scientist Site Speech Steroids Stimulus Surgeon Testing Time Tissue Engineering Tissue Preservation Training Trauma Trauma recovery Variant Work X-Ray Computed Tomography base clinical application clinically relevant deafness design experience experimental study gene therapy hearing impairment human subject implantation improved individual patient neurotrophic factor relating to nervous system response speech recognition tool

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract The objectives of our research are (1) to determine how conditions in the cochlea near the individual cochlear-implant electrodes affect specific psychophysical and electrophysiological measures of electrical hearing; (2) to determine the relationships of these specific measures to speech recognition with the cochlear prosthesis; and (3) to use this information to increase the benefit that cochlear implant patients receive from their prostheses. The data from these studies can be used in two ways to improve speech recognition in cochlear implant users. First, based on animal work that will correlate the pattern of pathology with functional measures, we will provide audiologists with simple, clinically-applicable measures they can use to assess individual stimulation sites in a patient's cochlea and guide selection of the best stimulation sites for an individual patient's speech processor MAP. Second, the data can help research scientists and surgeons determine the best anatomical targets for improving implant function through tissue-preservation and tissue- engineering strategies that make the impaired cochlea a better recipient of prosthetic stimulation. Our approach involves psychophysical and electrophysiological experiments in guinea pigs as well as psychophysical, electrophysiological and speech recognition studies in humans. We will measure psychophysical performance, such as perceptual integration of pulse trains or phase duration, and electrophysiological performance such as the rate at which evoked neural responses grow as a function of stimulus level. These measurements will be made at individual stimulation sites in guinea pigs and humans. In guinea pigs, we will determine the specific anatomical features in the hearing-impaired cochlea that are correlated with these measures. In humans we will determine the correlation of these same measures with speech recognition in quiet and in noisy backgrounds. We will then use these measures in humans to select the best stimulation sites to include in individual subjects' speech processor MAPs. This approach is supported by our previous studies showing that subjects usually perform better using a processor MAP that includes a subset of stimulation sites, carefully selected based on appropriate functional measures, than they do with a MAP that uses all available sites. The work proposed in this application will deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying variation in speech recognition performance across users of cochlear implants and serve as a guide for establishing and testing biological and clinical procedures that will improve performance in individual patients.

项目摘要/摘要我们研究的目的是（1）确定个人接近的耳蜗的状况如何耳蜗植入电极影响电气的特定心理物理和电生理测量听力; （2）确定这些特定措施与语音识别与人工耳蜗的关系假体；（3）使用此信息来增加人工耳蜗患者从他们的假肢。这些研究的数据可以通过两种方式来改善语音识别人工耳蜗用户。首先，基于将病理模式与功能相关的动物工作措施，我们将为听力学家提供他们可以用来评估的简单，临床上适用的措施患者耳蜗中的个体刺激部位，并指导选择最佳刺激位点个体患者的语音处理器图。其次，数据可以帮助研究科学家和外科医生确定通过组织保护和组织改善植入物功能的最佳解剖靶标使耳蜗受损的工程策略成为假肢刺激的更好接受者。我们的方法涉及豚鼠的心理物理和电生理实验人类的心理物理，电生理学和语音识别研究。我们将衡量心理物理表现，例如脉冲列车或相位持续时间的感知整合，以及电生理性能，例如唤起神经反应的速率随着刺激水平。这些测量将在豚鼠和人类的个体刺激部位进行。在豚鼠中，我们将确定听力受损的耳蜗中的特定解剖特征与这些措施相关。在人类中，我们将确定这些相同措施与在安静和嘈杂的背景中的语音识别。然后，我们将在人类中使用这些措施选择最佳的刺激位点包含在各个受试者的语音处理器图中。这种方法是在我们以前的研究中的支持下，主题通常使用处理器地图表现更好包括一部分刺激位点，基于适当的功能度量精心选择，而不是使用使用所有可用站点的地图进行。本申请中提出的工作将加深我们了解跨用户语音识别性能的机制的理解人工耳蜗植入物，并作为建立和测试生物学和临床程序的指南提高个别患者的表现。