EasyVis: laparoscopic surgical visualization through an untethered, panoramic, three-dimensional imaging system

 描述：腹腔镜手术越来越常见，构成了微创手术的基础，为患者提供了许多临床益处。目前在腹腔镜手术中的可视化范例围绕着使用单个摄像机，该摄像机被插入少数几个腹腔镜口之一，并由摄像机操作员操纵。不幸的是，这种可视化范例在可视化质量和操作效率方面存在许多众所周知的缺陷。它缺乏将大视场和三维(3D)视觉完全整合的能力。它占用了一个专门用于观察而不是仪器的手术端口，需要专门的操作员来持续操纵相机，由于污迹、雾化、飞溅以及仪器的干扰和遮挡而容易使可视化变得模糊，而且捆绑起来很麻烦。我们的目标是解决所有这些与目前的腹腔镜可视化相关的不足。我们将开发一种范式转换、集成、自由、全景、3D的腹腔镜可视化系统，称为EasyVis，以显著提高腹腔镜手术的效率。EasyVis直接将毫米级的多个微型摄像头与手术端口集成在一起，从任何观察点和角度提供不间断的腹部内全景，以及任何特定部位的特写3D可视化，所有这些都在手术医生的直接、免提、轻松和完全控制下完成，完全消除了相机导航的需要。EasyVis不占用任何额外的手术端口，并解决了与污迹、雾化、飞溅以及与仪器的干扰和堵塞相关的问题。此外，EasyVis可以无线通信，从而消除了悬挂的线缆。有了EasyVis，外科医生可以获得增强的可视化，质量更高，易于控制，在手术过程中中断最少。将实现三个具体目标，包括开发可调焦微相机和集成套管式相机组件、实时全景拼接和3D可视化，以及集成、完整的EasyVis原型。在这些目标的每个阶段，将进行严格的临床测试和评估，以验证EasyVis对腹腔镜手术的影响，利用完成任务所需时间的量化指标和经过验证的客观结构化技术技能评估评分系统。

 DESCRIPTION: Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly common and forms the basis of the minimally invasive approach, offering numerous clinical benefits to patients. The current paradigm in visualization during laparoscopic surgery revolves around the use of a single camera which is inserted into one of a few laparoscopic ports and manipulated by a camera operator. This paradigm of visualization unfortunately has many well-known drawbacks in terms of quality of visualization and efficiency in operation. It lacks the ability to fully integrate lage field of view and three-dimensional (3D) vision. It occupies one surgical port exclusively for viewing rather than instrumentation, requires a dedicated operator for constant maneuver of the camera, is prone to obscured visualization due to smudging, fogging and splatter and interference and occlusion from instruments, and is cumbersomely tethered. Our goal is to address all these deficiencies associated with current laparoscopic visualization. We will develop a paradigm-shift, integrated, untethered, panoramic, 3D laparoscopic visualization system, called EasyVis, for significantly improved efficiency for laparoscopic surgery. EasyVis directly integrates multiple microcameras at the millimeter scale with the surgical ports to provide uninterrupted intra-abdominal panoramic view from any arbitrary viewing point and angle, and close-up 3D visualization of any specific spot, all under direct, hands-free, easy and full control of the operating surgeon, completely eliminating the need of camera navigation. EasyVis does not occupy any extra surgical port, and solves the problems associated with smudging, fogging and splatter and interference and occlusion from instruments. Furthermore, EasyVis communicates wirelessly and hence does away the dangling cords. With EasyVis, the surgeon is provided with enhanced visualization with higher quality, easy control and minimum interruption during the operation. Three specific aims will be pursued, including development of tunable-focus microcameras and integrated trocar-camera assembly, real-time panorama stitching and 3D visualization, and an integrated, complete EasyVis prototype. At each phase of these aims, rigorous clinical testing and evaluation will be performed to validate the impact of EasyVis to laparoscopic surgery, utilizing quantitative metrics of time to complete tasks and the validated scoring system of Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skill.