Impact of Worn Shoes on Slipping

 描述（由申请人提供）：1滑倒和跌倒事故是职业伤害的一个主要和不断增长的来源。严重磨损的鞋2具有降低的摩擦系数（COF），并且与增加的滑倒风险相关。造成这种摩擦损失的机制3是磨损的胎面不再能从鞋下面引导流体，这导致流体被加压，COF降低，并且滑动风险增加。关于影响鞋磨损率的因素和COF开始降低的磨损阈值，存在关键的知识差距。这一差距阻碍了人们选择耐磨鞋，也阻碍了在鞋子磨损之前更换鞋子的计划。这项R 01研究的总体目标是通过确定鞋磨损的8个潜在原因并确定鞋变得不安全的踏面阈值来填补这一空白。拟议的研究9将通过以下方式实现这一目标：1）确定影响磨损率的因素（目标1）和磨损鞋的更换阈值（目标2）的实验; 2）预测磨损率和鞋的预期寿命的计算模型（目标3）; 3）基于跟踪职业环境中的磨损12（目标4）来验证目标1和3;以及4）基于参与者穿着自然磨损的鞋子13（目标5）的意外滑倒来验证目标2。为了实现目标1和2，鞋磨损测试仪将重复地再现步进的动力学以加速鞋胎面的磨损。对于目标1，将量化鞋材料和胎面设计对胎面磨损率的影响。对于目标2，将确定磨损对COF和鞋下流体压力的影响，并将识别流体压力开始显著增加的胎面阈值。将测试流体压力对COF的影响。对于目标3，将开发迭代FEA模型，该模型18基于接触压力计算磨损，然后基于计算的磨损19更新蹄片几何形状。对于目标4，两组20名参与者（一组来自Nabors Industries，另一组来自一般20个行业）将穿着两种不同的鞋设计。将跟踪鞋磨损和步数，以验证在实验（目标1）和模型（目标3）中观察到的磨损率反映行业中经历的实际磨损的程度。对于目标5，60个人将意外地滑倒，同时穿着自然磨损的鞋子。这一目标将验证鞋子磨损超过其更换限制（在目标24 2中确定）对滑倒风险的影响。该提案将满足NIOSH的研究实践（R2 P）倡议， 影响鞋子寿命及其更换限制的25个因素，将通过26个行业合作伙伴、出版物和培训计划转化为实践。这项研究的结果将是关于何时应该更换磨损的鞋子，影响磨损的因素以及鞋子磨损的计算模型的新知识。28其结果将是改进鞋的设计和更换政策，从而减少因穿旧鞋而发生的滑倒和跌倒事故。这项研究将涉及诺拉在制造业（目标2）、30批发和零售业（目标2）以及石油和天然气开采（目标4.2）方面的战略目标。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): 1 Slip and fall accidents are a major and growing source of occupational injuries. Shoes that are heavily worn 2 have reduced coefficient of friction (COF) and are associated with increased slipping risk. The mechanism 3 causing this loss of friction is that worn tread can no longer channel fluids from beneath the shoe, which causes 4 the fluid to become pressurized, the COF to decrease and the slip risk to increase. Key knowledge gaps exist 5 regarding the factors that contribute to shoe wear rate and the wear thresholds at which COF begins to 6 decrease. This gap inhibits selection of wear-resistant shoes and programs that replace shoes before they 7 become too worn. The overall objective of this R01 study is to fill this gap by identifying the underlying 8 causes to shoe wear and identifying the tread thresholds where shoes become unsafe. The proposed research 9 will accomplish this goal with: 1) experiments that identify the factors that contribute to wear rate (Aim 1) and 10 replacement thresholds for worn shoes (Aim 2); 2) a computational model that predicts wear rate and the life 11 expectancy of shoes (Aim 3); 3) a validation of Aims 1 and 3 based on tracking wear in occupational settings 12 (Aim 4); and 4) a validation of Aim 2 based on unexpected slips of participants donning naturally worn shoes 13 (Aim 5). To accomplish Aims 1 and 2, a shoe wear tester will reproduce the kinetics of stepping repeatedly to 14 accelerate the wear of the shoe tread. For Aim 1, the effects of shoe material and tread design on tread wear 15 rate will be quantified. For Aim 2, the impact of wear on COF and under-shoe fluid pressures will be 16 determined and tread thresholds where fluid pressures start to significantly increase will be identified. The 17 impact of fluid pressures on COF will be tested. For Aim 3, an iterative FEA model will be developed that 18 calculates wear based on the contact pressures and then updates the shoe geometry based on the calculated 19 wear. For Aim 4, two cohorts of twenty participants (one from Nabors Industries and one cohort from general 20 industry) will wear two different shoe designs. Shoe wear and number of steps will be tracked to validate the 21 degree to which the wear rates observed in the experiments (Aim 1) and the model (Aim 3) reflect actual wear 22 experienced in industry. For Aim 5, sixty individuals will be unexpectedly slipped while wearing naturally 23 worn shoes. This aim will validate the effect of shoes worn beyond their replacement limits (determined in Aim 24 2) on slip risk. This proposal will meet NIOSH's Research to Practice (R2P) initiative by identifying the 25 factors that affect the life of shoes and their replacement limits, which will be translated to practice through 26 industry partners, publications and training programs. The outputs of this research will be new knowledge on 27 when worn shoes should be replaced, what factors influence wear, and a computational model of shoe wear. 28 The outcomes will be improved shoe design and replacement policies that lead to a reduction in slip and fall 29 accidents from worn shoes. This research will address NORA Strategic Goals for Manufacturing (Goal 2), 30 Wholesale and Retail Trade (Goal 2) and Oil and Gas Extraction (Goal 4.2).