Impact of Worn Shoes on Slipping

 描述(由申请人提供)：1滑倒和跌倒事故是职业伤害的主要来源，而且还在不断增加。严重磨损的鞋子摩擦系数(COF)降低，滑倒的风险增加。造成这种摩擦损失的机制3是磨损的胎面不能再从鞋底引导流体，这导致流体变得加压，COF减小，打滑的风险增加。关于影响鞋的磨损率的因素和COF开始下降的磨损阈值，存在着关键的知识差距。这一差距阻碍了对耐磨鞋的选择，以及在鞋子变得过于磨损之前更换鞋子的计划。这项R01研究的总体目标是通过确定导致鞋子磨损的8个潜在原因和确定鞋子变得不安全的踏面阈值来填补这一空白。拟议的研究9将通过以下方式实现这一目标：1)确定影响磨损率的因素的实验(目标1)和旧鞋的10个更换阈值(目标2)；2)预测磨损率和鞋的预期寿命的计算模型(目标3)；3)基于职业环境中的磨损跟踪对目标1和3的验证(目标4)；以及4)基于参与者穿着自然磨损的鞋子13的意外滑落来验证目标2(目标5)。为了实现目标1和目标2，鞋面磨损试验机将再现重复踏步到14加速鞋面磨损的动力学。对于目标1，将量化鞋材和胎面设计对胎面磨损率的影响。对于目标2，将确定磨损对COF和鞋底流体压力的影响，并确定流体压力开始显著增加的踏面阈值。将测试流体压力对COF的影响。对于目标3，将开发迭代有限元模型，该模型基于接触压力计算磨损，然后基于计算的磨损更新鞋子几何形状。对于Aim 4，两组20名参与者(一组来自Nabors Industries，一组来自General 20行业)将穿两种不同的鞋子设计。将跟踪鞋的磨损和步数，以验证在实验(目标1)和模型(目标3)中观察到的磨损率反映工业中实际磨损的程度。对于Aim 5，60个人将在穿着23双自然磨损的鞋子时意外滑倒。这一目标将验证穿着超过其更换限制(在目标24 2中确定)的鞋子对滑倒风险的影响。该建议将满足NIOSH的研究实践(R2P)倡议，通过确定 影响鞋子寿命的25个因素及其更换限制，将通过26个行业合作伙伴、出版物和培训计划转化为实践。这项研究的成果将是对27号鞋何时应该更换旧鞋，什么因素影响磨损，以及鞋磨损的计算模型的新认识。28其结果将是改进鞋子设计和更换政策，从而减少因鞋子磨损而导致的滑倒和跌倒事故。这项研究将涉及Nora制造业战略目标(目标2)、30批发和零售业目标(目标2)以及石油和天然气开采战略目标(目标4.2)。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): 1 Slip and fall accidents are a major and growing source of occupational injuries. Shoes that are heavily worn 2 have reduced coefficient of friction (COF) and are associated with increased slipping risk. The mechanism 3 causing this loss of friction is that worn tread can no longer channel fluids from beneath the shoe, which causes 4 the fluid to become pressurized, the COF to decrease and the slip risk to increase. Key knowledge gaps exist 5 regarding the factors that contribute to shoe wear rate and the wear thresholds at which COF begins to 6 decrease. This gap inhibits selection of wear-resistant shoes and programs that replace shoes before they 7 become too worn. The overall objective of this R01 study is to fill this gap by identifying the underlying 8 causes to shoe wear and identifying the tread thresholds where shoes become unsafe. The proposed research 9 will accomplish this goal with: 1) experiments that identify the factors that contribute to wear rate (Aim 1) and 10 replacement thresholds for worn shoes (Aim 2); 2) a computational model that predicts wear rate and the life 11 expectancy of shoes (Aim 3); 3) a validation of Aims 1 and 3 based on tracking wear in occupational settings 12 (Aim 4); and 4) a validation of Aim 2 based on unexpected slips of participants donning naturally worn shoes 13 (Aim 5). To accomplish Aims 1 and 2, a shoe wear tester will reproduce the kinetics of stepping repeatedly to 14 accelerate the wear of the shoe tread. For Aim 1, the effects of shoe material and tread design on tread wear 15 rate will be quantified. For Aim 2, the impact of wear on COF and under-shoe fluid pressures will be 16 determined and tread thresholds where fluid pressures start to significantly increase will be identified. The 17 impact of fluid pressures on COF will be tested. For Aim 3, an iterative FEA model will be developed that 18 calculates wear based on the contact pressures and then updates the shoe geometry based on the calculated 19 wear. For Aim 4, two cohorts of twenty participants (one from Nabors Industries and one cohort from general 20 industry) will wear two different shoe designs. Shoe wear and number of steps will be tracked to validate the 21 degree to which the wear rates observed in the experiments (Aim 1) and the model (Aim 3) reflect actual wear 22 experienced in industry. For Aim 5, sixty individuals will be unexpectedly slipped while wearing naturally 23 worn shoes. This aim will validate the effect of shoes worn beyond their replacement limits (determined in Aim 24 2) on slip risk. This proposal will meet NIOSH's Research to Practice (R2P) initiative by identifying the 25 factors that affect the life of shoes and their replacement limits, which will be translated to practice through 26 industry partners, publications and training programs. The outputs of this research will be new knowledge on 27 when worn shoes should be replaced, what factors influence wear, and a computational model of shoe wear. 28 The outcomes will be improved shoe design and replacement policies that lead to a reduction in slip and fall 29 accidents from worn shoes. This research will address NORA Strategic Goals for Manufacturing (Goal 2), 30 Wholesale and Retail Trade (Goal 2) and Oil and Gas Extraction (Goal 4.2).