Predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study

墨尔本合作队列研究成立于20世纪90年代初，旨在前瞻性地调查饮食和其他生活方式因素在导致常见慢性病(包括常见癌症和心血管疾病)中的作用。1990至1994年间，有41,500名年龄在40-69岁之间的人被招募加入管控中心。约30%的队列是前往澳大利亚的南欧移民，他们被故意过度抽样，以扩大饮食和生活方式的暴露范围。来自南欧的移民在肥胖、体脂分布、体力活动模式、糖尿病、吸烟、血压和胆固醇水平方面存在不利的风险因素，但他们的心脏病死亡率比澳大利亚平均水平低30%至40%。这项研究的一个主要目标是调查来自南欧的移民的饮食和烹饪的特定方面(主要饮食脂肪是橄榄油，以及大量摄入各种蔬菜和水果)通过提供高水平的各种天然抗氧化剂来预防心脏病和中风的可能性。它代表了澳大利亚有史以来对饮食和心血管疾病死亡率进行的最全面的前瞻性研究。一个特别强大的功能是结合了详细的自我报告的膳食摄入量、与心血管疾病有关的非常广泛的膳食因素暴露(作为风险因素或保护剂)以及膳食摄入量的客观指标(征募时收集的血液中膳食摄取模式的生化指标、体重、体脂和体脂分布)。这些数据应该为具体的饮食建议提供强有力的理由，作为基于人群的战略的一部分，以减少澳大利亚人口中因心脏病和中风而过早死亡的发生率。

The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study was set up in the early 1990s to investigate prospectively the role of diet and other lifestyle factors in causing common chronic diseases including common cancers and cardiovascular disease. Between 1990 and 1994, 41,500 people, aged 40-69 were recruited into the MCCS. About 30% of the cohort are southern European migrants to Australia who were deliberately over-sampled to extend the range of dietary and lifestyle exposures. Migrants from southern Europe have an adverse risk factor profile in relation to obesity, body fat distribution, physical activity patterns, diabetes, smoking, blood pressure and cholesterol levels, yet their death rates from heart disease are 30-40% lower than the Australian average. A major objective of this study is to investigate the possibility that particular aspects of the diet and cuisine of migrants from southern Europe (olive oil as the major dietary fat, and high intakes of a variety of vegetables and fruit) protect against heart disease and stroke by providing high levels of a wide range of natural antioxidants. It represents the most comprehensive prospective study of diet and cardiovascular disease mortality ever conducted in Australia. A particularly powerful feature is the combination of detailed self-reported dietary intake, the very wide range of exposures to dietary factors implicated in CVD (as risk factors or protective agents), and the objective markers of dietary intake (biochemical markers of dietary intake patterns in blood collected at recruitment, body weight, body fat and body fat distribution). The data should provide a strong rationale for specific dietary recommendations as part of population-based strategies to reduce the incidence of premature mortality from heart disease and stroke in the Australian population.