Behavioural and Neuropsychiatric Aspects of Transition to Severe Conduct Disorder In Adolescence.

青春期向严重品行障碍过渡的行为和神经精神方面。

• 批准号: nhmrc : 300432
• 负责人: Prof Mark Dadds
• 金额: $ 22.88万
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 项目类别: NHMRC Project Grants
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 2004-01-01 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/behavioural-neuropsychiatric-aspects-disorder-adolescence/96908
• 关键词: Behavioural; Neuropsychiatric; Aspects; Transition; Severe

Conduct disorder represents an enormous cost to Australian society directly via the mental health and forensic systems, and indirect costs via its associations with other mental health problems, relationship problems, impaired social functioning, and substance use problems. Behavioural-family-based treatment have good success rates with young children with cooperative parents, however, there are a minority who progress to chronic problems despite this. Risk and resilience factors identifying chronic patterns in early childhood are the key to early intervention. In previous research, this research team showed for the first time that callous-unemotional traits, a feature of chronic psychopathy, could be measured in children as young as 4 years, and was predictive of a range of negative outcomes. However, it was also found that the key neuropsychiatric markers characteristic of psychopathy, including reward dominance-punishment insensitivity and deficits in affective empathy, did not exist in conduct problem children prior to adolescence. Around the time of puberty, it appears that important changes occur in cognitive-affective processing styles that are associated with the adult form of psychopathy and antisocial behaviour. Thus, this research raises critical questions about the development of severe antisocial behaviour (or psychopathy) through the childhood to adolescent years. Our evidence indicates that early adolecence may be the period when intrapsychological characteristics representing chronic risk become concrete. The current research will be the first to map the development common neuropsychiatric markers (affective empathy, punishment insensitivity) of severe antisocial processes through the late childhood-adolescent period. The findings will have clear implications for models of antisocial behaviour and clinical approaches to working with conduct problem children and adolescents.

行为障碍直接通过心理健康和法医系统给澳大利亚社会带来巨大的成本，并通过与其他心理健康问题，关系问题，社会功能受损和物质使用问题的关联间接成本。行为家庭为基础的治疗有很好的成功率与幼儿合作的父母，然而，有少数人谁进展到慢性问题，尽管如此。早期干预的关键是确定幼儿期慢性模式的风险和复原力因素。在之前的研究中，该研究小组首次表明，冷酷无情的特征，慢性精神病的一个特征，可以在4岁的儿童中测量，并且可以预测一系列负面结果。然而，它也发现，关键的神经精神指标特征的精神病，包括奖励的优势-惩罚不敏感性和赤字的情感同理心，并不存在于行为问题儿童青春期之前。在青春期前后，与成人形式的精神病和反社会行为有关的认知情感处理方式似乎发生了重要变化。因此，这项研究提出了严重的反社会行为（或精神病）的发展，通过童年到青少年年的关键问题。我们的证据表明，早期青春期可能是代表慢性风险的心理特征变得具体的时期。目前的研究将是第一个绘制发展共同的神经精神标志物（情感移情，惩罚不敏感）的严重反社会过程，通过儿童期后期-青少年时期。这些发现将对反社会行为模型和处理行为问题儿童和青少年的临床方法产生明确的影响。