A high speed gas sampling valve system for investigation in low temperature combustion of diesel engines

低温燃烧技术是现代柴油机实现氮氧化物（NOx）和颗粒物（PM）超低排放的可行途径。获得燃烧的洞察的先进技术之一是通过直接气体采样，其在可分配的时间窗口内从发动机燃烧室的内部提取气缸充气和/或燃烧产物的指定部分。直接气体取样技术将有助于确定现代柴油机中污染物产生的起源和历史。Zheng和Reader最近建立了一个嵌入式实时控制器，可以在单缸共轨柴油发动机的每个燃烧循环中产生多达八个离散的燃料喷射。在这样的发动机中，预混燃烧与扩散燃烧的比率可以显著提高，同时能量释放的最大速率仍然可以被有效地限制，这通常导致降低的氮氧化物（NOx）和颗粒物（PM）排放。然而，这种现代内燃机对燃烧诊断提出了新的挑战。气缸充气具有比机械燃料喷射柴油发动机高得多的总压力。新型柴油发动机中直接取样阀的高速驱动需要更高的功率驱动，再加上精度和复杂性要求，因此世界上只有少数供应商能够提供所需的系统。该研究将产生在加拿大和全球燃烧科学界和汽车行业具有巨大利益的数据。我们在清洁柴油机的研究方面得到了加拿大福特公司和ITEC公司的大力支持。尽管如此，工业界并没有支持这项燃烧机理研究。这项研究将补充目前正在进行的其他燃烧和排放控制工作的郑博士，读者和丁在清洁柴油发动机实验室。我们最近在柴油HCCI燃烧和飞行自适应控制方面的突破进一步增强了我们对曲轴角分辨燃烧分析的兴趣。

The technique of low temperature combustion has been identified as a feasible pathway for modern diesel engines to produce ultra low emissions in nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). One of the advanced techniques to obtain the insights of combustion is through direct gas sampling that extracts a specified portion of cylinder charge and/or combustion products from inside of the engine combustion chamber within an assignable temporal window. The direct gas sampling technique will help to identify the origin and history of pollutant generation in modern diesel engines. Zheng and Reader have recently set up an embedded real-time controller that can produce up to eight discrete fuel shoots during each combustion cycle for a single cylinder common-rail diesel engine. In such engines, the ratio of premixed combustion to diffusion combustion can be raised significantly while the maximum rate of energy release can still be confined effectively, which commonly result in lowered nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. However, such modern combustion engines impose new challenges on combustion diagnoses. The cylinder charge has much higher overall pressure than in mechanical fuel injection diesel engines. The high-speed actuation of the direct sampling valve in the newer diesel engines requires a higher power drive that, in combination with the precision and sophistication requirements, leaves the requested system only to a handful of suppliers in the world. The research will produce data that has immense interests in the combustion sciences community and the automotive industry in Canada and worldwide. We have obtained substantial support in clean diesel engine researches from Ford Canada and ITEC. Notwithstanding, the industries has not extended their support to this combustion mechanism study. This research will complement the other combustion and emission control work currently being conducted by Drs. Zheng, Reader, and Ting at the clean diesel engine laboratory. Our recent breakthrough in diesel HCCI combustion and on-fly adaptive control has further enhanced our interest in the crank-angle resolved combustion analyses.