Assessing gaseous emissions from swine manure storage systems utilizing different cover technologies for cold climates

评估寒冷气候下采用不同覆盖技术的猪粪储存系统的气体排放

• 批准号: 203797-2006
• 负责人: Gordon, Robert
• 金额: $ 1.4万
• 依托单位: Nova Scotia Agricultural College
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2007-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=332913
• 关键词: Assessing; gaseous; emissions; swine; manure

On-farm manure management is one of the most significant environmental challenges facing modern livestock agriculture. Containing and treating manure in an economical and efficient manner is essential to minimize the hazards of both point and non-point source water pollution and also adhere to more stringent air quality standards. During the storage of manure, several undesirable gases including ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide can be released. The anaerobic nature of liquid manure systems also increases its potential for odour production. Several management strategies have been suggested to possibly diminish gaseous emissions from manure storages. These include various types of surface covers (synthetic and biological), manure solid-liquid separation, altering the bedding material in the manure and utilizing mechanical aeration technology. In general few attempts have been made to evaluate, under replicated conditions, emissions reductions achieved with these options. This is especially lacking for colder climate conditions experienced in Canada. An additional challenge associated with gaseous losses from manure is that many factors that influence emissions often differ depending on the gas in question. As a result simultaneous emissions monitoring must be performed to correctly establish trade-off mitigation strategies prior to their implemention at the farm-level.      The objectives of this research program will be to simultaneously assess gaseous emissions from several manure storage technologies in an attempt to determine mitigation efficiencies offered by storage cover systems for both warm and cold seasons.

农场粪便管理是现代畜牧业面临的最重大的环境挑战之一。以经济和有效的方式容纳和处理粪肥对于尽量减少点源和非点源水污染的危害以及遵守更严格的空气质量标准至关重要。在储存粪便的过程中，会释放出一些不需要的气体，包括氨、甲烷和氧化亚氮。液体粪便系统的厌氧特性也增加了其产生气味的潜力。提出了几种管理策略，以可能减少粪便储存的气体排放。这些包括各种类型的表面覆盖（合成和生物），粪便固液分离，改变粪便中的垫层材料和利用机械曝气技术。一般来说，在相同的条件下，很少有人试图评价这些备选办法所实现的减排。这在加拿大的寒冷气候条件下尤其缺乏。与粪便气体损失有关的另一个挑战是，影响排放的许多因素往往因所涉及的气体而异。因此，必须同时进行排放监测，以便在农场一级实施权衡缓解战略之前正确地制定这些战略。本研究计划的目标是同时评估几种粪便储存技术的气体排放，以确定储存覆盖系统在暖季和寒季提供的减排效率。