Novel in situ sampling devices for monitoring trace metals in natural waters

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In Canada alone, over 3200 toxic sites were identified in the 2002 Report of the Commissioner of the Environment--many contaminated by toxic metals. Chronic, low-level exposure to toxic metals may result in risks to human and ecosystem health. Adverse health effects may include elevated incidences of cancer, neurotoxicity and birth defects. However, public health recommendations and interventions require precise information about the chemical forms (i.e. chemical species) responsible for the greatest uptake and toxicity. The current regulatory emphasis on total metal concentrations overlooks the fundamental role of chemical speciation in assessing the hazards posed by metals. An understanding of the metal distribution among their different physical and chemical species is therefore essential for predicting their transport, fate and bioavailability in the aquatic environment. This research program is directed at the development of sophisticated models and in situ sample devices for long-term, unattended water quality monitoring. This research will lead to new, cost-effective strategies for assessing the health of our estuarine, marine and fresh water resources without unduly restricting economic activities.