Functional nanoporous organic-inorganic hybrid materials

在纳米材料中，具有纳米范围内的孔的材料，例如纳米多孔材料，因其作为纳米级物体的吸附剂、催化剂和主体的前景而引起极大兴趣。我的研究计划的目的是开发新型的多孔有机-无机杂化材料，其设计功能用于生产高选择性吸附剂，可回收和尺寸和形状选择性非均相催化剂和控制输送系统。为了实现这一目标，研究主要集中在纳米级结构的多孔固体的设计，并结合不同的功能，源于组件具有不同的属性。这样的多功能材料可以在单个混合结构中具有各种不同的化学和物理性质。特别是，有机物和无机组分之间的界面，它们的局部环境和结构中组分的相对位置预计会以合作的方式极大地影响所得复合材料的性能。在合成方面，该方法基于将特定功能聚合物或有机实体定位在介孔无机主体（5-30 nm的孔）内。特别是介孔二氧化硅，提供了高稳定性和骨架结构和孔形态的巨大多样性。例如，通过选择性限制存在于二氧化硅壁中的孔内的乙烯基单体的聚合并在主纳米孔表面上形成薄涂层，可以产生完全整合的坚固的多孔有机-无机杂化物。 随后，具有功能位点的高孔表面积使得能够通过有机反应或引入其他客体进行容易的表面改性。作为聚合物的一部分或通过后处理添加的不同官能团将允许与目标分子的特定相互作用，从而产生用于选择性CO2吸附或污染物去除的创新材料。功能化纳米孔复合材料作为固体多相催化剂也有很好的应用前景。除了应用和技术方面，我的计划强调在固体基质和纳米级传输的主客体相互作用的基本理解。

Among nanomaterials, materials with pores in the nanometer range, e.g. nanoporous materials, are of great interest for their perspectives as sorbents, catalysts and hosts for nanoscale objects. The aim of my research program is to develop new types of porous organic-inorganic hybrids with designed functionalities for the production of highly selective sorbents, recyclable and size-and-shape selective heterogeneous catalysts and controlled delivery systems. To achieve this goal, the research focuses principally on the design of porous solids structured at the nanoscale level and combining different functions originating from the assembly of constituents with distinct properties. Such multifunctional materials can have a variety of distinct chemical and physical properties in a single hybrid structure. Especially, the interfaces between organics and the inorganic constituent, their local environment and the relative location of components in the structure are expected to influence greatly the properties of the resulting composites in a cooperative manner. Synthetically, the approach is based on locating specifically functional polymers or organic entities inside mesoporous inorganic hosts (pores in 5-30 nm). Mesoporous silica, particularly, offers high stability and great diversity in framework structure and pore modality. For example, with the selective restriction of the polymerization of vinyl monomers inside the pores present in the silica walls and forming a thin coating on the main nanopore surface, one can generate fully integrated robust porous organic-inorganic hybrids.  Subsequently, the high pore surface area with functional sites enables easy surface modification via organic reactions or the incorporation of other guests. The different functional groups being parts of the polymer or added by post-treatment will permit specific interactions with target molecules leading to innovative materials for selective CO2 adsorption or pollutant removal. The functionalized nanoporous composites have also prospects as solid heterogeneous catalysts. In addition to applications and technological aspects, my program emphasizes fundamental understanding of host-guest interactions within solid matrices and transport at the nanoscale.