Functional nanoporous materials: Synthesis and adsorption behavior

在1-100 nm范围内具有明确定义的孔的纳米材料，例如纳米孔，由于在环境修复、清洁工业催化、小型化电子、磁或光学设备以及生物相容的运输系统中的广泛应用前景而引起人们的特别关注。特别是，有序介孔材料被定义为包含大通道或笼子的周期性阵列的无机骨架，其大小在2到15 nm之间。虽然在这些固体材料的研究上已经做了大量的工作，但在设计合成、定制官能化和表征方面仍需要进一步的改进。该计划的主要目标是设计特定的介孔杂化材料，包含具有足够结构和孔隙率的理想官能团，用于选择性吸附/分离应用、多相催化和生物技术应用。这项计划遵循了我们在功能介孔固体的合成及其吸附方法的详细表征方面的研究工作。这项研究旨在开发在纳米尺度上组装的包含无机和有机成分的介孔材料的制备和功能化方法，并对环境和基团的空间位置进行优化控制。重点还将放在评估特定功能材料用于目标应用的性能和它们的吸附行为上。有序介孔二氧化硅主体在骨架结构上提供了高度的稳定性和多样性，便于控制宾客的处置。根据目标性质的不同，将采用不同的功能化方法(例如，插入功能聚合物、后嫁接和空间定位)。所得到的多孔固体的吸附性能将通过使用不同的探针，如氮、氩、二氧化碳、水等先进的气体吸附分析来研究，并辅之以对液体溶液的吸附研究。除了技术方面，该研究计划还强调对固体基质内的主-客体相互作用和纳米尺度的吸附现象的基本了解。

Nanomaterials with well-defined pores in the range of 1-100 nm, e.g. nanopores, are of special interest because of wide perspective of applications in environmental remediation, clean industrial catalysis, miniaturized electronic, magnetic or optical devices, and biocompatible transport systems. Ordered mesoporous materials, in particular, are defined as inorganic frameworks containing periodic arrays of large channels or cages comprised between 2 and 15 nm. Although substantial research efforts have been directed on studying these solids, further improvements aiming at designed synthesis, tailored functionalization, and characterization are still much needed. The primary objective of this program is to design specific mesoporous hybrid materials incorporating desirable functional groups with adequate structure and porosity for selective sorption/separation applications, heterogeneous catalysis, and biotechnological applications. This program follows research efforts initiated by us on the synthesis of functional mesoporous solids and their detailed characterization by adsorption methods. The research is oriented towards developing methodologies for the preparation and the functionalization of mesoporous materials comprising inorganic and organic components assembled at the nanoscale with optimal control of environment and spatial positioning of groups. Emphasis will also be put on assessing the performance of given functionalized materials for targeted applications and their adsorption behavior. Ordered mesoporous silica hosts offer high stability and diversity in framework structure, facilitating control of the disposition of guests. Depending on the targeted properties, different functionalization approaches will be applied (e.g. insertion of functional polymers, post-grafting with spatial positioning). Adsorption properties of the resulting porous solids will be studied by advanced gas adsorption analyses using different probes e.g. nitrogen, argon, CO2 , water, supplemented with studies of adsorption from liquid solutions. In addition to the technological aspects, the research program emphasizes fundamental understanding of host-guest interactions within solid matrices and adsorption phenomena at the nanoscale.