Towards the enrichment of parallel systems skeletons

尽管硬件技术不断进步，因此也出现了低成本的商品集群和高性能计算机，但并行应用程序开发的复杂性仍然是主要障碍之一。作为降低这种复杂性的技术之一，研究人员正在积极研究基于模式的并行编程方法。作为可重用组件，与MPI、PVM和套接字等传统方法相比，模式旨在简化并行应用程序的设计和开发阶段。PAS(并行体系结构框架)是一种基于模式的并行编程模型和工具，起源于滑铁卢大学，目前正在Concordia大学积极研究，该大学一般定义了并行计算模式的体系结构方面。正在进行的研究为可扩展PAS(EPAS)模型和系统做出了贡献，该模型和系统支持可扩展性和骨架组成，从而能够设计和合并新的骨架并从现有的曲目中创建新的复合骨架。在本研究过程中，已经确定了对并行计算的其他一些重要要求和研究问题，更好地理解和纳入这些要求和问题可以显著提高其有用性和对并行计算界的吸引力。更具体地说，PAS(和大多数其他基于模式的方法)的初衷是实现可编程性。然而，作为从应用程序和程序员分离出来的纯体系结构抽象，PA可以封装许多有用的特定于系统的需求，否则从头开始实现这些需求相当困难和耗时。这一方向的拟议研究涉及以下内容：(I)可信性：具有可靠组合和通信同步抽象的可靠框架；特定于模式的战略容错；支持避免/检测可能的原子性违规；维护。(Ii)性能：可适应和可重新配置的体系结构框架；具有成本-性能模型的体系结构框架以及支持性能分析和重组。

Despite the advancements of hardware technologies and consequently the availability of low-cost commodity clusters and high-performance computers, complexity of parallel application development remains one of the major obstacles. As one of the techniques for easing this complexity, researchers are actively investigating the patterns-based approaches to parallel programming. As re-usable components, patterns are intended to ease the design and development phases of a parallel applications, as compared to the traditional approaches like MPI, PVM and sockets. PAS (Parallel Architectural Skeleton) is one such patterns-based parallel programming model and tool, originated at the University of Waterloo and currently being actively researched at the Concordia University, which generically defines the architectural aspects of parallel computational patterns. Ongoing research has contributed to an extensible PAS (EPAS) model and system that supports extensibility and skeleton composition, enabling design and incorporation of new skeletons and creation of new composite skeletons from existing repertoire. In the course of this research, some of the other significant requirements and research issues for PAS have been identified, better understanding and incorporation of which could significantly enhance its usefulness and appeal to the parallel computing community. More specifically, the original intention of PAS (and most other patterns-based approaches) was towards programmability. However, being pure architectural abstractions which are decoupled from an application and programmer, PAS could encapsulate many useful systems-specific requirements which are otherwise rather difficult and time-consuming to implement from scratch. The proposed research in this direction addresses the following: (i) Dependability: dependable skeletons with reliable composition and communication-synchronization abstractions; pattern-specific strategic fault-tolerance; support for avoidance/detection of possible atomicity violation; maintenance.(ii) Performance: adaptable and re-configurable architectural skeletons; architectural skeletons with cost-performance models and support for performance profiling and re-structuring.