Dynamics in the small and large: linking galaxy formation to the next generation of galaxy surveys

不同类型和年龄的标本具有不同的聚类统计特征。因此，了解星系的形成和演化是了解星系大尺度分布的先决条件。对下一代星系巡天的成功分析将部分取决于我们在不久的将来对星系形成的了解有多大进展。移动我们的知识边界向前需要我们使用最先进的数值模拟技术来创建虚拟宇宙，其中包含模拟星系。通过改变基本的物理模型，我们可以研究组成一个星系的数十亿颗恒星的集体效应。恒星的诞生、演化和死亡，沿着看不见的暗物质成分，所有这些联合收割机共同决定了星系的参数，如旋转速度和光度。这项建议中概述的研究将系统地提高我们对星星形成在星系演化中的作用的认识，同时研究大尺度结构中的问题。最重要的是，将进行第一次模拟整个星系，其分辨率足以挑选出单个大质量恒星。从这个具有里程碑意义的模拟中获得的信息将使我们不仅能够测试星系的理论，而且还可以测试存在于恒星之间的星际介质的理论。

Galaxies of different types and age exhibit different clustering statistics. Thus, an understanding of galaxy formation and evolution is a prerequisite to understanding the large-scale distribution of galaxies. Successful analysis of the next generation of galaxy surveys will be partially determined by how far we advance our knowledge of galaxy formation in the immediate future. Moving the boundaries of our knowledge forward requires that we use state-of-the-art numerical simulation techniques to create virtual universes that contain simulated galaxies within them. By changing the underlying physics models we can study the collective effect of the billions of stars that make up a single galaxy. The birth, evolution and death of stars, along with an unseen dark matter component, all combine to determine the parameters of galaxies, such as rotation speed and luminosity. The research outlined in this proposal will systematically improve our knowledge of the role of star formation in galaxy evolution while at the same time examining issues in large-scale structure. Most importantly, the first simulation of an entire galaxy with sufficient resolution to pick out individual massive stars will be undertaken. The information drawn from this landmark simulation will allow us to test not only theories of galaxies but also those of the interstellar medium that exists between stars.