Controlling properties via microstructural lengthscales at surfaces and in bulk materials

材料加工技术已经发展到现在从原子尺度开始控制的地步。随着这种控制程度的提高，能够高度调整材料性能以满足个别应用的要求。实现这种结构和性能控制的一种方法是物理气相沉积(PVD)。通过物理气相沉积(PVD)技术，可以获得通过其他技术无法获得的微结构和材料。例如，有可能获得具有非常高的内部界面密度的材料，其强度和延展性的组合是其他路线无法实现的。PVD技术的发展使其在冶金产品的连续涂层中变得越来越有吸引力。例如金属薄板。例如，在欧洲，现在有能够处理全尺寸钢板的工业PVD涂层生产线。这项建议侧重于在金属基材上沉积合金，从而使沉积的微观结构规模在几个纳米量级。*这建立在最近通过加入高密度的生长断层和/或孪晶而具有综合强度和延展性的合金涂层的观察基础上。其广泛的目标是促进我们对塑性和微结构规模之间的基本关系的了解，同时研究此类涂层在冶金应用中的潜力。从实用的角度来看，这项工作将涉及商业上相关的金属合金的沉积，从而产生与底层板材的化学成分相同或非常相似的硬质表面。考虑到加拿大在开发这项应用于板材的技术方面落后于欧洲和亚洲，这项技术在加拿大金属行业内可能有许多应用，这一点很重要。在这方面，应在重新分配委员会的第一项提案1“新技术在加拿大资源行业的应用”的框架内考虑这项提案。

Materials processing technologies have advanced to the point where control now begins at the atomic scale.  With this degree of control comes the ability to highly tune material properties to meet the demands of individual applications.  One method to achieve such control over structure and properties is physical vapour deposition (PVD).  Via PVD technologies it is possible to achieve microstructures and materials impossible via other techniques.  For example, it is possible to achieve materials with very high densities of internal interfaces exhibiting combinations of strength and ductility unachievable by other routes.Development of PVD technology has brought it to the point where it is becoming increasingly attractive for application in continuous coating of metallurgical products, e.g. metallic sheet.  For example in Europe there are now industrial PVD coating lines capable of handling full sized steel sheet.  This proposal focuses on the deposition of alloys on to metallic substrates, such that the microstructural scale of the deposit is on the order of a few nanometers.  This builds on recent observations of alloy coatings with combined strength and ductility via the incorporation of high densities of growth faults and/or twins.  The broad goal is to advance our knowledge on the fundamental relationship between plasticity and microstructural scale, while examining the potential for the use of such coatings in metallurgical applications.From a practical point of view, this work will involve the deposition of commercially relevant metallic alloys, leading to the production of hard surfaces with chemistries the same as, or very similar to, the chemistry of the underlying sheet.  Such technology could have numerous applications within the Canadian metals industry, important given that Canada lags behind Europe and Asia in developing this technology for application to sheet metal.  In this context the proposal should be considered within the framework of the Reallocation Committee's  Proposal 1 " Application of New Technologies in Canadian Resource Industries".