Infants' object categories: principles of developmental changes

婴儿的物体类别：发育变化的原理

• 批准号: 2003-2007
• 负责人: PoulinDubois, Diane
• 金额: $ 1.8万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=363466
• 关键词: Infants; object; categories; principles; developmental

My research program is concerned with how infants successfully organize the world into meaningful  object categories. There is currently a hot debate about whether infants' first categories are relatively broad or relatively narrow, as well as about the  conceptual nature of the categories infants form (Mandler, 2004, Quinn, 2002). One basic issue about which there is considerable controversy is the relative importance of conceptual features (features that cannot be seen) and perceptual features (what objects look like) in infants' formation of categories. This issue will be the main  focus of my research program. In a series of experiments, I  will examine how experience with objects and knowledge of object labels impact on the categories infants form, more specifically on developmental changes in the use of static and dynamic features  (e.g., object parts) to group items. Infants aged 9 to 24 months will be administered a wide range of categorization tasks,  including the object  examination, sequential touching, infant-controlled habituation, and generalized imitation techniques. We will also collect data on scanning patterns of objects with eye tracking equipment adapted for infants. The effect of exposure and object labels on category formation will be examined by manipulating familiarity with objects, including  exposure to video clips showing moving category exemplars and by measuring comprehension and  production of object labels. Taken together, the proposed  research program should shed new light on how infants establish their categories during the first two years of  life.

我的研究项目是关于婴儿如何成功地将世界组织成有意义的对象类别。目前，关于婴儿的第一个类别是相对宽泛还是相对狭窄，以及婴儿形成的类别的概念性质，存在着激烈的争论（Mandler, 2004, Quinn, 2002）。一个有相当大争议的基本问题是概念特征（看不见的特征）和感知特征（物体看起来像什么）在婴儿类别形成中的相对重要性。这个问题将是我研究计划的主要焦点。在一系列实验中，我将研究物体的经验和物体标签的知识如何影响婴儿形成的类别，更具体地说，是使用静态和动态特征（例如，物体部分）对物品进行分组的发展变化。9至24个月的婴儿将被给予广泛的分类任务，包括物体检查，顺序触摸，婴儿控制的习惯化和广义模仿技术。我们还将使用适合于婴儿的眼动追踪设备收集物体扫描模式的数据。暴露和对象标签对类别形成的影响将通过操纵对对象的熟悉程度来检验，包括暴露在显示移动类别范例的视频剪辑中，以及通过测量对象标签的理解和产生。综上所述，这项拟议的研究计划将为婴儿在生命的头两年如何建立自己的分类提供新的线索。