Evaluation of the shallow water ice profiling sonar for measuring frazil ice

浅水冰剖面声纳测量碎冰的评价

• 批准号: 353784-2007
• 负责人: Loewen, Mark
• 金额: $ 4.11万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=364806
• 关键词: Evaluation; shallow; water; ice; profiling

The formation of an ice cover in a river is quite different from that on a lake because of the river's current.  The turbulence in the flow causes the formation of a special kind of ice particle, known as frazil ice, which is very 'sticky' when first formed.  These frazil particles tend to stick to each other, to metal screens and racks at water intakes, to rocks on the river bed, and even to vegetation in the river.  This can be a serious problem for hydro-power utilities as well as for municipal and industrial water supplies, since large accumulations of frazil can completely block the intakes, forcing plants to shutdown.  These disruptions to power systems and water supplies have significant socioeconomic costs.At the present time we can detect frazil using a relatively new device known as the Shallow Water Ice Profiling Sonar (SWIPS) which works much like a 'fish finder'.  However, it only indicates the presence of frazil ice and does not provide any measure of the amount of frazil, which is important both for operational purposes (so water intakes can be operated to avoid frazil ice blockage) and for planning purposes (as an input to computer models for predicting ice problems and solutions).  The purpose of the proposed study is to develop a method for making accurate measurements of frazil ice properties, including concentration, using the SWIPS instrument.  This will be achieved by conducting a series of controlled laboratory experiments to determine the quantitative relationship between the SWIPS data and frazil ice properties.  In addition, field data will be collected with the SWIPS in the Athabasca River to demonstrate the application of this new technology in the field.  When coupled with numerical ice process modeling, this will provide validation of the new technology.The findings of this study will reside in the public domain, through publication of the research results in scholarly journals.  Thus the technology will be open to all, and widely available. Given the overwhelming significance of frazil ice deposition and transport to river ice hydraulics and to winter stream ecology the benefits to Canada cannot be overstated.

由于水流的影响，河流中冰盖的形成与湖上冰盖的形成有很大的不同。水流中的湍流会导致一种特殊类型的冰粒的形成，这种冰粒在刚形成时非常粘稠。这些冰粒往往会互相粘在一起，粘在进水口的金属屏蔽物和架子上，河床上的岩石上，甚至河里的植被上。这对水电设施以及市政和工业供水来说都是一个严重的问题，因为大量积累的冰粒可以完全堵塞进水口。迫使工厂关闭。但这些对电力系统和供水的干扰会造成巨大的社会经济成本。目前，我们可以使用一种相对较新的设备--浅水冰层剖面声呐(SWIPS)--检测到冰屑，这种设备的工作原理很像一台‘探鱼仪’。然而，它只表明了冰屑的存在，并没有提供任何衡量冰屑数量的方法。这对于操作目的(因此可以操作取水口以避免碎冰堵塞)和规划目的(作为预测冰问题和解决方案的计算机模型的输入)都很重要。这项拟议研究的目的是开发一种使用SWIPS仪器准确测量包括浓度在内的碎冰特性的方法。这将通过进行一系列受控实验室实验来实现，以确定SWIPS数据和碎冰特性之间的定量关系。此外，将与SWIPS一起在阿萨巴斯卡河收集现场数据，以展示这项新技术在该领域的应用。当与数值冰川过程模拟相结合时，这将提供对新技术的验证。这项研究的结果将存在于公共领域，通过在学术期刊上发表研究成果。因此，该技术将向所有人开放，并得到广泛应用。鉴于碎冰的沉积和运输对河冰水力学和冬季河流生态的压倒性意义，对加拿大的好处怎么强调都不为过。