Microbial ecology and nutrient fermentation in the upper gastrointestinal tract of poultry

家禽上消化道微生物生态与营养物发酵

• 批准号: 354965-2007
• 负责人: VanKessel, Andrew
• 金额: $ 3.12万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=364824
• 关键词: Microbial; ecology; nutrient; fermentation; upper

The gastrointestinal tract of animals is colonized by an abundant and diverse community of normal non-pathogenic bacteria which have both beneficial and detrimental effects on their host. Examples of benefits to the host include exclusion of pathogens and synthesis of essential vitamins. Detrimental effects on the host include microbial fermentation or competition for certain selected nutrients, increasing the requirement for certain nutrients and reducing digestive and absorptive capacity. In poultry, the largest bacterial populations are found in the crop, an out pouching of the oesophagus in the upper tract and in paired blind sacs near the end of the tract termed ceca. This project will focus on determining the number and species of bacteria in the crop of poultry using molecular techniques based on nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA. We will determine how differences in feeding strategies and diet composition affect the composition, number and fermentation activity of bacteria in the crop. Most commercial animal diets are supplemented with a number of relatively expensive ingredients such as amino acids in order to meet their nutrient requirements. Since bacteria of the crop have opportunity to utilize the nutrients by fermentation before the host can absorb them for their own use, we will determine the extent to which this occurs and impact of changing feeding strategies.

动物的胃肠道中栖息着丰富多样的正常非致病细菌群落，这些细菌对宿主既有有益的作用，也有有害的影响。对宿主有益的例子包括排除病原体和合成必需维生素。对宿主的有害影响包括微生物发酵或对某些选定营养素的竞争，增加对某些营养素的需求并降低消化和吸收能力。在家禽中，最大的细菌群存在于嗉囊、上消化道的食道外翻和靠近消化道末端的成对盲囊（称为盲肠）中。该项目将重点利用基于基因组 DNA 核苷酸序列的分子技术确定家禽作物中细菌的数量和种类。我们将确定饲喂策略和日粮成分的差异如何影响作物中细菌的成分、数量和发酵活性。大多数商业动物饮食都补充了许多相对昂贵的成分，例如氨基酸，以满足其营养需求。由于作物的细菌有机会在宿主吸收养分供自己使用之前通过发酵利用养分，因此我们将确定这种情况发生的程度以及改变饲喂策略的影响。