Exploration of convective heat transfer and non-stationary turbulence

建议的研究是针对在工程系统中使用高导电石墨泡沫对流传热增强。石墨泡沫体可以被生产为具有相互连接的空隙结构，该空隙结构使得流体能够通过，从而能够去除从相邻热源传导到泡沫体的固体基质中的热能。拟议的研究旨在解决这样一个前提，即高导电石墨泡沫可以在单相和多相热对流中提供比现有固体和多孔材料更大的增强，从而对电子冷却，初级冷却和能量回收产生实质性的积极影响。 石墨泡沫具有优于铝和其它网状金属泡沫的显著优点，因为它们的中等孔隙率、高固相电导率（其可以比固体铝高多达六倍）和大的内表面积。计算流体动力学（CFD）在新技术和数学模型的基本发展方面，以及通过其应用研究加热和冷却问题方面，都是拟议研究的核心。拟议的研究计划的具体目标包括开发数学模型，以探索多孔泡沫中的多相对流传热，石墨泡沫结构的理论优化，以及实施复杂的湍流闭合，以调查各种加热/冷却问题。 拟议的研究有一个广泛的基本和实际的目标，所有这些都将在申请人的监督下，在MESc和博士水平的研究生进行探索。 此外，基本目标和实际目标的融合使学生能够在一个令人兴奋的新兴行业中获得经验。 对石墨泡沫及其应用的探索可能会对汽车，电子和能源生产行业产生巨大影响，因为即使是适度的增强也会对散热器或热交换器的尺寸或有效性产生重大影响。

The proposed research is directed at the use of highly conductive graphitic foams for convective heat transfer enhancement in engineering systems. Graphitic foams can be produced with a void structure that is interconnected enabling the passage of fluid and thus the removal of heat energy conducted into the solid matrix of the foam from adjacent heat sources. The proposed research seeks to address the premise that highly-conductive graphite foams can offer substantial enhancements over existing solid and porous materials in single and multiphase heat convection, thereby having a substantial positive impact in electronics cooling, primary cooling and energy recovery.  Graphitic foams have a significant advantage over aluminum and other reticulated metal foams because of their moderate porosity, high solid phase conductivity, which can be as much as six times higher than solid aluminum, and large internal surface area. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is central to the proposed research both in terms of fundamental development of new techniques and mathematical models, and through its application to investigate heating and cooling problems. Specific objectives of the proposed research program include the development of mathematical models to explore multiphase convective heat transfer in porous foams, theoretical optimization of the graphite foam structure, and the implementation of a sophisticated turbulence closure to enable investigation of a wide range of heating/cooling problems.  The proposed research has a broad range of fundamental and practical goals, all of which will be explored by graduate students at the MESc and PhD levels under the supervision of the applicant.  Further, the blend of fundamental and practical objectives enables students to gain experience in an exciting, emerging industry.  Exploration into graphite foams and their application may have an enormous impact in the automotive, electronics and energy production industries, since even modest enhancements can have a significant impact on the size or effectiveness of a heat sink or heat exchanger.