Air-to-air heat and moisture exchange and moisture deposition, migration and caking in potash

本研究分为两个物理相关的领域(A)空气-空气热和水分交换(B)钾中的水分沉积、迁移、结块和饼强度。（一）通风建筑物的排风与送风之间的空气对空气热和水蒸汽交换，可使空调用供暖锅炉和冷水机的体积减少10%至30%，并可节省每年的供暖和制冷能源费用。这项关于空气对空气和水蒸气交换的研究将提高这些设备的性能，降低成本，并降低供暖和空调建筑的成本。水蒸气在粒状钾肥和其他类似的散装肥料中的吸附、沉积和迁移导致颗粒之间结块和粉尘的形成，特别是在温暖潮湿的气候中。如果这些水分相互作用过度，肥料必须回收或丢弃，因为它不能用于农业种子和肥料分配机。通过对钾肥中水分沉积和迁移过程的研究，可以建立更好的模型，建立新的再结晶结块和结饼强度的数据和模型，并找到更好的方法来减少钾肥中结块和粉尘的形成。这两种研究应用都是通过半渗透多孔介质中热和水传递的共同原理相互联系的，其中微观和亚微观长度尺度是重要的。

This research is divided into two physically related areas (A) Air-to-air heat and moisture exchange and (B) Moisture deposition ,migration, caking and cake strength in potash.    (A) Air-to-air heat and water vapor exchange between exhaust air and supply air to ventilate buildings can reduce the size of heating boilers and the size of chillers for air-conditioning by 10 to 30% as well as the annual energy costs for heating and cooling.  This research on air-to-air and water vapor exchange will lead to improved performance and reduce costs of these devices and reduce costs for heating and air conditioning buildings.    (B) Water vapor adsorption, deposition, and migration in granular potash and other similar bulk fertilizers causes caking between particles and the formation of dust, especially in warm humid climates.  If these moisture interactions become excessive, the fertilizer must be recycled or discarded because it cannot be used in agricultural seed and fertilizer distribution machines.  This research on moisture deposition and migration in potash fertilizer will lead to better models of these processes, new data and models for recrystallization and caking and cake strength and better methods to reduce caking and dust formation in potash.     Both of these research applications are interconnected by the common principles of heat and water transfer in semi-permeable porous media where microscopic and submicrosscopic length scales are important.