Air-to-air heat and moisture exchange and moisture deposition, migration and caking in potash

本研究分为两个物理相关的领域（A）空气与空气的热量和水分交换和（B）钾碱中的水分沉积、迁移、结块和结块强度。 (A)通过排风和送风之间的空气-空气热交换和水蒸汽交换，可将供暖锅炉的尺寸和空调制冷机的尺寸减少10%至30%，并可降低每年用于供暖和制冷的能源成本。 对空气-空气和水蒸气交换的研究将提高这些设备的性能并降低其成本，从而降低建筑物的供暖和空调成本。 (B)颗粒钾肥和其他类似散装肥料中的水蒸气吸附、沉积和迁移会导致颗粒之间的结块和粉尘的形成，特别是在温暖潮湿的气候中。 如果这些水分相互作用变得过度，则必须回收或丢弃肥料，因为它不能用于农业种子和肥料分配机器。 对钾肥中水分沉积和迁移的研究将导致这些过程的更好的模型，重结晶和结块以及结块强度的新数据和模型，以及减少钾肥中结块和粉尘形成的更好方法。 这两个研究应用是相互关联的半渗透多孔介质中的微观和亚微观的长度尺度是重要的热量和水传递的共同原则。

This research is divided into two physically related areas (A) Air-to-air heat and moisture exchange and (B) Moisture deposition ,migration, caking and cake strength in potash.    (A) Air-to-air heat and water vapor exchange between exhaust air and supply air to ventilate buildings can reduce the size of heating boilers and the size of chillers for air-conditioning by 10 to 30% as well as the annual energy costs for heating and cooling.  This research on air-to-air and water vapor exchange will lead to improved performance and reduce costs of these devices and reduce costs for heating and air conditioning buildings.    (B) Water vapor adsorption, deposition, and migration in granular potash and other similar bulk fertilizers causes caking between particles and the formation of dust, especially in warm humid climates.  If these moisture interactions become excessive, the fertilizer must be recycled or discarded because it cannot be used in agricultural seed and fertilizer distribution machines.  This research on moisture deposition and migration in potash fertilizer will lead to better models of these processes, new data and models for recrystallization and caking and cake strength and better methods to reduce caking and dust formation in potash.     Both of these research applications are interconnected by the common principles of heat and water transfer in semi-permeable porous media where microscopic and submicrosscopic length scales are important.