Interactions between cues to motion in depth

深度运动线索之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 195-2008
• 负责人: Howard, Ian
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=388207
• 关键词: Interactions; between; cues; motion; depth

The motion of an object towards an observer is indicated by the following sources of information (cues): (1) Changes in the absolute disparity of the images in the two eyes and the vergence movements of the eyes that these create. (2) An increase in the relative binocular disparity of the near and far regions of the object (internal disparity). (3) Changing relative binocular disparity between the object and stationary objects. (4) Looming of the image of the object. (5) Motion parallax between the far and near regions of the object. (6) Changes in accommodation. I have designed and built a unique apparatus that allows me to independently control each of the above cues. Two identical image objects (textured surfaces or real 3-D objects) are placed in the two arms of a mirror stereoscope and moved to-and-fro along linear tracts within arm's reach. The image objects fuse to create a stereo object moving towards and away from the observer. Absolute disparity (vergence) is controlled by rotating each track. The internal disparity of the stereo object is controlled by rotating each image object about its mid-vertical axis. Looming is controlled by keeping the image objects at one distance while changing absolute disparity by moving the image objects laterally or relative disparity by rotating them. I can thus change any motion-in-depth cue or any combinations of cues using real objects really moving in depth. It is generally believed that changes in absolute disparity do not create sensations of motion in depth. I have already shown with the new apparatus that this assumption is incorrect. The crucial factor is whether or not there is image looming that contradicts disparity signals. Manipulations of internal disparity over a stationary textured frontal surface are known to affect the perceived distance and shape of the surface. I will use the new apparatus to investigate the distance scaling of internal disparity with real surfaces and 3-D objects moving in depth. Changes in internal disparity are a cue to motion in depth only when the object is assumed to be rigid. I will investigate the role of assumed rigidity by using familiar objects, abstract objects and objects that articulate.

物体朝向观察者的运动由以下信息源（线索）表示：（1）两只眼睛中图像的绝对视差的变化以及这些产生的眼睛的聚散运动。(2)物体远近区域的相对双眼视差增加（内部视差）。(3)改变物体和静止物体之间的相对双眼视差。(4)物体的影像隐约可见。(5)物体远区和近区之间的运动视差。(6)住宿的变化。我设计并制作了一个独特的装置，让我可以独立控制上述每一个线索。两个相同的图像对象（纹理表面或真实的3-D对象）被放置在一个立体镜的两个臂上，并在臂的范围内沿沿着直线轨迹来回移动。图像对象融合以创建朝向和远离观察者移动的立体对象。绝对视差（聚散度）通过旋转每个轨迹来控制。立体对象的内部视差通过围绕其中间垂直轴旋转每个图像对象来控制。通过将图像对象保持在一个距离，同时通过横向移动图像对象来改变绝对视差或通过旋转图像对象来改变相对视差，来控制隐现。因此，我可以使用真正在深度上移动的真实的物体来改变任何深度运动线索或任何线索组合。一般认为，绝对视差的变化不会产生深度运动的感觉。我已经用新仪器证明了这个假设是不正确的。关键因素是是否存在与视差信号相矛盾的图像若隐若现。已知在静止纹理正面表面上的内部视差的操纵会影响表面的感知距离和形状。我将使用新的设备来调查与真实的表面和3-D物体在深度移动的内部视差的距离缩放。内部视差的变化是一个线索，只有当物体被认为是刚性的深度运动。我将通过使用熟悉的对象、抽象的对象和可表达的对象来研究假定刚性的作用。