Interactions between cues to motion in depth

深度运动线索之间的相互作用

• 批准号: 195-2008
• 负责人: Howard, Ian
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=449056
• 关键词: Interactions; between; cues; motion; depth

The motion of an object towards an observer is indicated by the following sources of information (cues): (1) Changes in the absolute disparity of the images in the two eyes and the vergence movements of the eyes that these create. (2) An increase in the relative binocular disparity of the near and far regions of the object (internal disparity). (3) Changing relative binocular disparity between the object and stationary objects. (4) Looming of the image of the object. (5) Motion parallax between the far and near regions of the object. (6) Changes in accommodation. I have designed and built a unique apparatus that allows me to independently control each of the above cues. Two identical image objects (textured surfaces or real 3-D objects) are placed in the two arms of a mirror stereoscope and moved to-and-fro along linear tracts within arm's reach. The image objects fuse to create a stereo object moving towards and away from the observer. Absolute disparity (vergence) is controlled by rotating each track. The internal disparity of the stereo object is controlled by rotating each image object about its mid-vertical axis. Looming is controlled by keeping the image objects at one distance while changing absolute disparity by moving the image objects laterally or relative disparity by rotating them. I can thus change any motion-in-depth cue or any combinations of cues using real objects really moving in depth. It is generally believed that changes in absolute disparity do not create sensations of motion in depth. I have already shown with the new apparatus that this assumption is incorrect. The crucial factor is whether or not there is image looming that contradicts disparity signals. Manipulations of internal disparity over a stationary textured frontal surface are known to affect the perceived distance and shape of the surface. I will use the new apparatus to investigate the distance scaling of internal disparity with real surfaces and 3-D objects moving in depth. Changes in internal disparity are a cue to motion in depth only when the object is assumed to be rigid. I will investigate the role of assumed rigidity by using familiar objects, abstract objects and objects that articulate.

物体朝向观察者的运动是由以下信息来源（线索）指示的：(1)两只眼睛中图像的绝对视差的变化以及由此产生的眼睛的收敛运动。(2)物体近、远区域的相对双眼视差增大（内视差）。(3)物体与静止物体的双眼相对视差变化。(4)物体影像的隐现。(5)物体的远近区域之间的运动视差。(6)住宿的变化。我设计并制造了一个独特的装置，使我能够独立控制上述每根球杆。两个相同的图像对象（纹理表面或真正的3-D对象）被放置在镜子立体镜的两个臂上，并沿着臂可及的线性区域来回移动。图像对象融合以创建一个朝向和远离观察者的立体物体。绝对视差（收敛）是通过旋转每个轨道来控制的。立体物体的内部视差是通过旋转每个图像物体的中间垂直轴来控制的。若隐若现是通过将图像对象保持在一个距离上，同时通过横向移动图像对象来改变绝对视差或通过旋转图像对象来改变相对视差来控制的。因此，我可以改变任何动作深度线索或任何线索的组合，使用真正深入移动的真实物体。一般认为，绝对视差的变化不会产生深度运动的感觉。我已经用新仪器证明了这个假设是不正确的。关键因素是是否存在与视差信号相矛盾的图像。在固定纹理正面表面上的内部视差操作已知会影响表面的感知距离和形状。我将使用新的设备来研究真实表面和三维物体深度移动的内部视差的距离缩放。只有当物体被假定为刚性时，内部视差的变化才会提示深度运动。我将通过使用熟悉的物体，抽象的物体和清晰的物体来研究假设的刚性的作用。