Stereoscopic vision and patterns of binocular disparity

1. 因为眼睛是分开的，所以远离眼睛汇聚位置的物体图像在两个视网膜中的水平位置不同。在局部检测到这些水平差异，以指示场景的三维结构。根据物体的偏心度和绝对距离，图像在垂直方向上也会有所不同。我们表明，垂直差异是在大范围内平均的，而不是局部处理的。垂直差异修改由水平差异产生的深度。我打算确定是否修改了所有的水平差异，还是只修改了定义特定深度平面的水平差异。研究结果将首次表明这两种视差是如何在3d感知中结合在一起的。2. 中线上不同距离的物体会带来三种并发症。1)他们的图像落在大脑的相对半球，因此差异检测需要通过连接两个半球（胼胝体）的神经传递信息。2)图像拓扑无序。3)图像具有较大的空间视差梯度。这三个因素使此类物体的视差和深度检测复杂化。我将把这三个因素分离开来，以揭示视觉系统是如何单独应对每一个困难的。

1. Because the eyes are separated, the images of objects away from where the eyes are converged differ in horizontal location in the two retinas. These horizontal disparities are detected locally to indicate the 3-D structure of scenes. Images also differ vertically, depending on the eccenticity and absolute distance of objects. We showed that vertical disparities are averaged over wide areas rather than processed locally. Vertical disparities modify depth created by horizontal disparities. I plan to determine whether all horizontal disparities are modified or only those that define a specific depth plane. The results will indicate for the first time how the two types of disparity are combined in 3-D perception.   2. Objects at different distances in the midline introduce three complications. 1) Their images fall in opposite halves of the brain, so that disparity detection requires information to be conveyed over nerves that connect the hemispheres (corpus callosum). 2) The images are topologically  disordered. 3) The images have a steep spatial gradient of disparity. These three factors complicate detection of disparity and depth for such objects. I will dissociate the three factors to reveal how the visual system copes with each difficulty in isolation.