Stereoscopic vision and patterns of binocular disparity

1.由于眼睛是分开的，因此远离眼睛会聚处的物体的图像在两个视网膜中的水平位置不同。这些水平视差被局部检测以指示场景的3D结构。图像在垂直方向上也有差异，这取决于物体的偏心率和绝对距离。我们发现，垂直差异是在广泛的地区，而不是本地处理的平均值。垂直差异改变了水平差异造成的深度。我计划确定是否修改了所有的水平视差，或者只修改了定义特定深度平面的水平视差。结果将首次表明这两种类型的差异如何在3D感知中结合起来。 2.中线上不同距离处的物体会引起三种并发症。1)它们的图像落在大脑的相对半球，因此差异检测需要通过连接两个半球的神经（胼胝体）传递信息。2)图像是拓扑无序的。3)图像具有陡峭的视差空间梯度。这三个因素使这种对象的视差和深度的检测复杂化。我将把这三个因素分离开来，以揭示视觉系统是如何孤立地处理每一个困难的。

1. Because the eyes are separated, the images of objects away from where the eyes are converged differ in horizontal location in the two retinas. These horizontal disparities are detected locally to indicate the 3-D structure of scenes. Images also differ vertically, depending on the eccenticity and absolute distance of objects. We showed that vertical disparities are averaged over wide areas rather than processed locally. Vertical disparities modify depth created by horizontal disparities. I plan to determine whether all horizontal disparities are modified or only those that define a specific depth plane. The results will indicate for the first time how the two types of disparity are combined in 3-D perception.   2. Objects at different distances in the midline introduce three complications. 1) Their images fall in opposite halves of the brain, so that disparity detection requires information to be conveyed over nerves that connect the hemispheres (corpus callosum). 2) The images are topologically  disordered. 3) The images have a steep spatial gradient of disparity. These three factors complicate detection of disparity and depth for such objects. I will dissociate the three factors to reveal how the visual system copes with each difficulty in isolation.