Modeling and design of high density photonic integrated cricuits

高密度光子集成电路的建模与设计

• 批准号: 89687-2006
• 负责人: Huang, WeiPing
• 金额: $ 4.07万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=390731
• 关键词: Modeling; design; density; photonic; integrated

Photonic integrated circuits (ICs), first envisaged by Dr. S. E. Miller at Bell Laboratories in early 70s, have a long history but few applications. In reality, most optical systems are still built on  discrete photonic devices made of different materials by different processes. The photonic ICs are pale in terms of the density and complexity in comparison with the electronic counterpart and suffer from  compromised performance and poor yield. One of the fundamental issues in the convetional photonic ICs is the weak confinement of the optical field in  waveguiding and resonant structures with weak index contrast/variation. As such, high-density integration and strong interaction between light and media become extremely difficult. The integration and interaction are essential for realizing advanced optical signal processing functions for different applications. Therefore, the abilities to confine and manipulate optical fields on chip and to couple lights into and from chip are the key enablers for realizing robust, complex photonic ICs. The proposed research will investigate and develop high-density photonic devices and integrated circuits to perform advanced optical signal processing functions. These high-density photonic devices and ICs differ from the currently popular photonic crystal (PC) structures in the sense that the confinement, guidance and resonance of the optical fields are not due to the periodic index variation (i.e., the ``crystal effects''), but to the strong index contrast (i.e., the ``defect effects''). First of all, the research will devote substantial effort for development of efficient and accurate theoretical models and numerical techniques for simulation of the vectorial properties of the light and its strong interaction with media. In this respect, most of the existing models and simulation techniques are not sufficient;  new and improved models and algorithms need to be proposed and implemented. Secondly, basic waveguiding and resonanting structures will be examined based on consideration for absorption and scattering losses, ease of fabrication and characterization, etc. By using structures of large index contrast, we will be able to confine and manipulate light on chip by shrinking the feature size of the optical devices by a few orders of magnitude. Several strong confinement structures, e.g., the silicon wire, the deeply etched InP ridge waveguide, and the micro-ring resonator, etc., have been proposed and demonstrated. A major focus of the research is to investigate and develop novel circuit architectures to connect these waveguide and resonant elements to form complex photonic ICs. Further, we will develop efficient and accurate modeling and simulation tools for investigation of coupling between the PIC and off-chip elements. Efficient and robust mechanisms for coupling in and out of the chips will be examined. Finally, we will investigated ways for control and manipulate lights. Electrical, thermal and nonlinear effects pertinent to the materials used will be studied. The research will link closely with the on-going research in the areas of integrated optical transceivers, all optical regenerators etc. Strong collaboration with researchers at McMaster and external industrial and academic institutions will be sought and strengthened, especially in the experimental aspects to complement the expertise of the applicant. The research, if successful, will shed lights on some of the salient features of the high-density photonic ICs and advance the state-of-the-art PIC technologies towards practical applications. Several Ph.D students and PDFs will be exposed and trained in this emerging technology with good knowledge and experience on modeling, design as well as perhaps fabrication and characterizations of these PICs for different applications.

光子集成电路（ICs）最早由贝尔实验室的S. E. Miller博士于70年代初设想，具有悠久的历史，但应用很少。在现实中，大多数光学系统仍然建立在由不同材料通过不同工艺制成的离散光子器件上。与电子器件相比，光子集成电路在密度和复杂性方面都相形见绌，并且受到性能和成品率的影响。传统光子集成电路的一个基本问题是在具有弱折射率对比/变化的波导和谐振结构中光场的弱约束。因此，光与媒介之间的高密度融合和强相互作用变得极其困难。集成和交互是实现先进的光信号处理功能的必要条件。因此，限制和操纵芯片上的光场以及耦合进出芯片的光的能力是实现鲁棒、复杂光子集成电路的关键因素。该研究将研究和开发高密度光子器件和集成电路，以执行先进的光信号处理功能。这些高密度光子器件和集成电路与目前流行的光子晶体（PC）结构的不同之处在于，光场的约束、引导和共振不是由于周期性的折射率变化（即“晶体效应”），而是由于强折射率反差（即“缺陷效应”）。首先，研究将投入大量的精力来开发有效和准确的理论模型和数值技术来模拟光的矢量特性及其与介质的强相互作用。在这方面，大多数现有的模型和模拟技术是不够的；需要提出和实施新的和改进的模型和算法。其次，基于吸收和散射损失、易于制造和表征等因素，将对基本波导和谐振结构进行研究。通过使用大折射率对比度的结构，我们将能够通过将光学器件的特征尺寸缩小几个数量级来限制和操纵芯片上的光。提出并演示了几种强约束结构，如硅线、深蚀刻InP脊波导和微环谐振器等。研究的一个主要焦点是研究和开发新的电路架构，以连接这些波导和谐振元件，形成复杂的光子集成电路。此外，我们将开发高效和准确的建模和仿真工具来研究PIC和片外元件之间的耦合。将研究芯片内外耦合的有效和稳健机制。最后，我们将研究控制和操纵光的方法。将研究与所用材料相关的电、热和非线性效应。该研究将与集成光收发器、全光再生器等领域正在进行的研究密切相关。将寻求并加强与麦克马斯特大学以及外部工业和学术机构的研究人员的紧密合作，特别是在实验方面，以补充申请人的专业知识。这项研究如果成功，将揭示高密度光子集成电路的一些显著特征，并将最先进的PIC技术推向实际应用。一些博士生和pdf将接触和培训这一新兴技术，具有良好的建模，设计以及制造和表征这些pic用于不同应用的知识和经验。