Oxidation, ignition and combustion characteristics of hydrocarbons for the safety of drilling and upstream oil and gas operations and IOR

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Upstream Oil and Gas operations, such as drilling of oil and gas wells, well workovers, cleaning and stimulation, petroleum separation and processing, and air injection-based improved oil recovery (IOR), may involve air or an oxygen containing gas in the presence of hydrocarbons. In such operations, air or oxygen containing gas may be introduced either deliberately (as a part of the process) or undesirably (due to the nature of the operations). Therefore, when an ignition source is also present, there is a potential for fire and/or explosion hazard. Over the past several years, there have been a number of serious oilfield fires and explosions that have resulted in worker injuries and fatalities, and significant loss of equipment. During this period, there has been an increase in the use of air or oxygen containing gas during such operations in Canada and worldwide. While regulations exist with respect to explosive hazards, there are no clear industry guidelines dealing with air-hydrocarbon mixtures in these well-site operations. This is mainly due to the lack of fundamental understanding of the complex ignition precesses associated with such operations.